Cellular antioxidant and emulsifying activities of fucoidan extracted from Nizamuddinia zanardinii using different green extraction methods

Abstract

In the present study, fucoidan was extracted from Nizamuddinia zanardinii samples using nine different green extraction techniques in addition to the conventional hot water extraction method (HW). Antioxidant (chemical and cellular assays) and emulsifying activities as well as optical properties of the different extracted fucoidans were investigated. The chemical composition and molecular weight of the fucoidans were also discussed. The results showed that fucoidan extracted using microwaves and a combination of ultrasound and microwaves (UM) exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (72%) and reducing power (0.37–0.39 Abs). Moreover, all extracted fucoidans showed good cytoprotective effects on H2O2‐induced damage and inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation in HepG2 cells, and the fucoidan extracted by UM exhibited the highest activity (59.51–69.06%). Additionally, the fucoidans isolated by green techniques showed higher emulsification capacity than those isolated by HW method. Based on the obtained results, the method UM can be recommended for the extraction of fucoidans from N. zanardinii samples. Novelty impact statement Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds with various bioactivities. In recent years, industry prefer the greener and faster methods to obtain bioactive compounds. In this regard, further studies are needed to determine the bioactivity of compounds extracted by environmentally friendly methods. In the present study, impact of different green extraction methods on the antioxidant and emulsifying activity of fucoidans from N. zanardinii were investigated for the first time. The results confirmed that fucoidans extracted by green methods has antioxidant activity in both chemical and cellular models and also exhibits emulsifying activity. On this basis, the extracted fucoidans can be used for the development of dietary supplements for humans and can also be incorporated into food formulation for the production of functional foods.

Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems to Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Compounds: Towards the Use of Ingredients from Natural, Sustainable Sources

“…As an example, polysaccharides from alga Ulva fasciata have been tested as emulsifiers in β-carotene-loaded emulsions, showing particle sizes of about 0.8 µm and <10% of encapsulated compound degradation for 4 days at 4 °C [ 115 ]. Other algae polysaccharides such as fucoidan have been found to have a good emulsifying capacity, especially when isolated by using microwaves, presenting also antioxidant activity [ 116 , 117 ]. This polysaccharide has shown to form emulsions with higher stability and fucoxanthin encapsulation efficiency than Arabic gum [ 118 ].…”

Enzyme-Assisted Coextraction of Phenolics and Polysaccharides from Padina gymnospora

“…Although these methods efficiently extract the target compounds, the use of organic solvents and chemicals is not green and can degrade sensitive phenolic components, making multiple-product recovery unfeasible. Other methods such as ultrasound- [16][17][18] and microwave-assisted [19,20] extraction have been proposed to improve compound yields and shorten extraction times, as they employ ultrasound energy or electromagnetic waves to break down the cellular structure of the seaweed, enhancing the release of these compounds [19]. However, the industrial application of these processes is limited due to challenges at large-scale production [21].…”

“…However, the industrial application of these processes is limited due to challenges at large-scale production [21]. Supercritical fluid extraction [19,22] and subcritical water extraction [23,24] have been developed as green eco-friendly alternatives for extracting phenolics and polysaccharides. These methods efficiently extract intracellular compounds but require relatively a high pressure (30-200 bar) and temperature (150-210 • C), and are expensive [22,25].…”

“…Moreover, this method avoids the use of toxic chemicals while also producing high-quality products [28,29]. Enzymatic extraction has been employed for the extraction of fucoidan from Nizamuddinia zanardinii [19] and Kjellmaniella crassifolia [30], the extraction of protein from Caulerpa prolifera [31], the extraction of laminarin from Ecklonia maxima [32], agar extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale [33], and phenolic extraction from Danish seaweeds [34]. However, enzyme-assisted extraction has been previously used to extract one target component only (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, or phenolics).…”