Cellular and Molecular Targets for Non-Invasive, Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic/Rehabilitative Interventions in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Onose, Gelu; Anghelescu, Aurelian; Blendea, Dan; Ciobanu, Vlad; Daia, Cristina; Firan, Florentina Carmen; Oprea, Mihaela; Spînu, Aura; Popescu, Cristina; Ionescu, Anca; Busnatu, Ștefan; Munteanu, Constantin

doi:10.3390/ijms23020907

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In the last decade, huge scientific research efforts have been deployed to acquire a better understanding of CNS lesions and to significantly improve the clinical-function outcomes, including management, because of their dreadful, multiplane life-threatening, and disabling potential, but at least for now, there are still no medical (of any kind) interventions [ 17 , 18 , 141 ] able to cure or decisively contribute to their healing [ 14 , 140 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in human adults, vascular disorders (such as stroke) are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases [ 15 ], like Parkinson’s disease [ 16 ], dementia (and other cognitive impairments). In addition, there are also innate metabolic disorders that affect the CNS’s functioning, such as hyperhomocysteinemia (a consequence of impaired homocysteine metabolism or other cofactors involved in its degradation), which is an independent risk factor for stroke [ 17 , 18 ] occurrence [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations about Hypoxic Changes in Neuraxis Tissue Injuries and Recovery

Stoica

Bleoţu²,

Ciobanu

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Hypoxia represents the temporary or longer-term decrease or deprivation of oxygen in organs, tissues, and cells after oxygen supply drops or its excessive consumption. Hypoxia can be (para)-physiological—adaptive—or pathological. Thereby, the mechanisms of hypoxia have many implications, such as in adaptive processes of normal cells, but to the survival of neoplastic ones, too. Ischemia differs from hypoxia as it means a transient or permanent interruption or reduction of the blood supply in a given region or tissue and consequently a poor provision with oxygen and energetic substratum-inflammation and oxidative stress damages generating factors. Considering the implications of hypoxia on nerve tissue cells that go through different ischemic processes, in this paper, we will detail the molecular mechanisms by which such structures feel and adapt to hypoxia. We will present the hypoxic mechanisms and changes in the CNS. Also, we aimed to evaluate acute, subacute, and chronic central nervous hypoxic-ischemic changes, hoping to understand better and systematize some neuro-muscular recovery methods necessary to regain individual independence. To establish the link between CNS hypoxia, ischemic-lesional mechanisms, and neuro-motor and related recovery, we performed a systematic literature review following the” Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA”) filtering method by interrogating five international medical renown databases, using, contextually, specific keywords combinations/”syntaxes”, with supplementation of the afferent documentation through an amount of freely discovered, also contributive, bibliographic resources. As a result, 45 papers were eligible according to the PRISMA-inspired selection approach, thus covering information on both: intimate/molecular path-physiological specific mechanisms and, respectively, consequent clinical conditions. Such a systematic process is meant to help us construct an article structure skeleton giving a primary objective input about the assembly of the literature background to be approached, summarised, and synthesized. The afferent contextual search (by keywords combination/syntaxes) we have fulfilled considerably reduced the number of obtained articles. We consider this systematic literature review is warranted as hypoxia’s mechanisms have opened new perspectives for understanding ischemic changes in the CNS neuraxis tissue/cells, starting at the intracellular level and continuing with experimental research to recover the consequent clinical-functional deficits better.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations about Hypoxic Changes in Neuraxis Tissue Injuries and Recovery

Stoica

Bleoţu²,

Ciobanu

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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“…Amongst NTs, amino acids represent a very important class of chemical messengers, having significant roles in the CNS [ 8 ]. The α-amino acids, such as glutamate and glycine, and γ-amino acids, such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are involved in fundamental brain processes and the pathogenesis of several disorders (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, dementia) affecting normal brain functioning [ 5 , 10 ].…”

Section: Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitters—Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Teleanu

Niculescu

Roza

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of such chemicals have been discovered in the last century, continuing to be identified and studied concerning their action on brain health. These substances have been observed to influence numerous functions, including emotions, thoughts, memories, learning, and movements. Thus, disturbances in neurotransmitters’ homeostasis started being correlated with a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In this respect, the present paper aims to describe the most important neurotransmitters, broadly classified into canonical (e.g., amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine, purines, soluble gases, neuropeptides) and noncanonical neurotransmitters (e.g., exosomes, steroids, D-aspartic acid), and explain their link with some of the most relevant neurological conditions. Moreover, a brief overview of the recently developed neurotransmitters’ detection methods is offered, followed by several considerations on the modulation of these substances towards restoring homeostasis.

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“…However, in order to develop new and effective therapies that might include TC (i.e. for acute ischemic stroke), one must consider investigating also the mechanisms underlying brain damage and neuroprotection [ 130 ].…”

Section: Network Of Interactions Between Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Involvement of Telocytes in Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Cytoarchitecture

Cucu

Nicolescu

Busnatu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cardiac interstitium is a complex and dynamic environment, vital for normal cardiac structure and function. Telocytes are active cellular players in regulating main events that feature myocardial homeostasis and orchestrating its involvement in heart pathology. Despite the great amount of data suggesting (microscopically, proteomically, genetically, etc.) the implications of telocytes in the different physiological and reparatory/regenerative processes of the heart, understanding their involvement in realizing the heart’s mature cytoarchitecture is still at its dawn. Our scrutiny of the recent literature gave clearer insights into the implications of telocytes in the WNT signaling pathway, but also TGFB and PI3K/AKT pathways that, inter alia, conduct cardiomyocytes differentiation, maturation and final integration into heart adult architecture. These data also strengthen evidence for telocytes as promising candidates for cellular therapies in various heart pathologies.

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Cellular and Molecular Targets for Non-Invasive, Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic/Rehabilitative Interventions in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 40 publications

References 125 publications

Considerations about Hypoxic Changes in Neuraxis Tissue Injuries and Recovery

Considerations about Hypoxic Changes in Neuraxis Tissue Injuries and Recovery

Neurotransmitters—Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Dynamic Involvement of Telocytes in Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Cytoarchitecture

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