Cells analyses, mechanical and thermal stability of extruded polylactic acid/kenaf bio-composite foams

Hassan, Nur Adilah Abu; Ahmad, Sahrim; Chen, Ruey Shan; Shahdan, Dalila

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117884

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The construction industry is one of the fields that consumes significant global resources which unfortunately cause negative impacts to the surrounding environment. Consequently, increasing efforts have been made to establish a sustainable building design in order to minimize the severe impacts induced from construction [ 167 ]. During the last few years, PLA is gaining prominence as alternative material for construction sectors.…”

Section: Pla Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

et al. 2021

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Environmental problems, such as global warming and plastic pollution have forced researchers to investigate alternatives for conventional plastics. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the well-known eco-friendly biodegradables and biobased polyesters, has been studied extensively and is considered to be a promising substitute to petroleum-based polymers. This review gives an inclusive overview of the current research of lactic acid and lactide dimer techniques along with the production of PLA from its monomers. Melt polycondensation as well as ring opening polymerization techniques are discussed, and the effect of various catalysts and polymerization conditions is thoroughly presented. Reaction mechanisms are also reviewed. However, due to the competitive decomposition reactions, in the most cases low or medium molecular weight (MW) of PLA, not exceeding 20,000–50,000 g/mol, are prepared. For this reason, additional procedures such as solid state polycondensation (SSP) and chain extension (CE) reaching MW ranging from 80,000 up to 250,000 g/mol are extensively investigated here. Lastly, numerous practical applications of PLA in various fields of industry, technical challenges and limitations of PLA use as well as its future perspectives are also reported in this review.

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Section: Pla Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

et al. 2021

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“…In this regard, a study by Razza et al [358] indicated that a 50% reduction in non-renewable energy resources consumption and 60% lower GGE could be achieved with starch-based prototype packaging materials obtained by microwave technology in comparison to benchmark EPS cushioning packing. Various bioplasticsbased foams from starch to PLA and their mixture have been reported [21,79,106,126,[359][360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367][368][369][370][371]. These materials should be cheap, lightweight to minimize transportation environmental impact as well as compressible, and strong enough to prevent physical damage to the product.…”

Section: Sustainable Composite Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In thermoforming processing, either thermoplastic polymer pellets are used [365,383,391] or biopolymers waterbased batters are prepared and poured onto the preheated mold [21,126,359,390,[392][393][394]. In this regard, molding time, temperature, and pressure must be optimized according to the batter formulation [126].…”

Section: Sustainable Composite Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased composites from agro-industrial wastes and by-products

et al. 2021

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The greater awareness of non-renewable natural resources preservation needs has led to the development of more ecological high-performance polymeric materials with new functionalities. In this regard, biobased composites are considered interesting options, especially those obtained from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. These are low-cost raw materials derived from renewable sources, which are mostly biodegradable and would otherwise typically be discarded. In this review, recent and innovative academic studies on composites obtained from biopolymers, natural fillers and active agents, as well as green-synthesized nanoparticles are presented. An in-depth discussion of biobased composites structures, properties, manufacture, and life-cycle assessment (LCA) is provided along with a wide up-to-date overview of the most recent works in the field with appropriate references. Potential uses of biobased composites from agri-food residues such as active and intelligent food packaging, agricultural inputs, tissue engineering, among others are described, considering that the specific characteristics of these materials should match the proposed application.

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“…Kenaf fiber, PLA, and azodicarbonamide (ADC) were mixed evenly into fiber‐reinforced PLA by Hassan et al,. [ 101 ] Addition of ADC slightly delayed decomposition, thus enhancing thermal stability of the developed composites. Additionally, ADC led to an improvement in softness and elasticity of the developed composites.…”

Section: Fiber‐reinforced Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 81 ] Similar results have been obtained by other researchers that worked on incorporating different flame retardants in fiber‐reinforced PLA. [ 202–204 ] Additionally, Hassan et al, [ 101 ] noted that increase in APP contents led to an increase in resulting char residues at the maximum temperature. At the start of the TGA experiment, thermal stability of the developed fiber‐reinforced PLA was increased as shown by the increase in the temperatures at which 15% of the weight losses occurred.…”

Section: Fiber‐reinforced Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural residue fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid: A Review

et al. 2020

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Biocomposites containing natural fibers and biopolymers are an ideal choice for developing substantially biodegradable materials for different applications. Polylactic acid is a biopolymer produced from renewable resources and has drawn numerous interest in packaging, electrical, and automotive application in recent years. However, its potential application in both electrical and automotive industries is limited by its flame retardancy and thermal properties. One way to offset this challenge has been to incorporate natural or synthetic flame retardants in polylactic acid (PLA). The aim of this article is to review the trends in research and development of composites based on agricultural fibers and PLA biopolymers over the past decade. This article highlights recent advances in the fields of flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural fiber‐reinforced PLA. Typical fiber‐reinforced PLA processing techniques are mentioned. Over 75% of the studies reported that incorporation of agricultural fibers resulted in enhanced flame retardancy and thermal stability of fiber‐reinforced PLA. These properties are further enhanced with surface modifications on the agricultural fibers prior to use as reinforcement in fiber‐reinforced PLA. From this review it is clear that flame retardancy and thermal stability depends on the type and pretreatment method of the agricultural fibers used in developing fiber‐reinforced PLA. Further research and development is encouraged on the enhancement of the flame retardancy properties of agricultural fiber‐reinforced PLA, especially using agricultural fibers themselves as flame retardants as opposed to synthetic flame retardants that are typically used.

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Cells analyses, mechanical and thermal stability of extruded polylactic acid/kenaf bio-composite foams

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

Biobased composites from agro-industrial wastes and by-products

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural residue fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid: A Review

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