Cell wall structure and composition is affected by light quality in tomato seedlings

Simple, Fast and Efficient Methods for Analysing the Structural, Ultrastructural and Cellular Components of the Cell Wall

“…For example, the differentiation of lignin types under blue and violet lights was also observed under epifluorescence, and could be distinguished based on fluorochromasia in safranin-stained sections [ 3 ], following what is displayed in light treatments in tobacco plants ( Figure 3 ). However, although we emphasise the analysis of primary and secondary walls in stems, these same techniques (see material and methods) can be used for studies of other organs and tissues, such as roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds [ 7 ]. Finally, lignin types may be successfully distinguished with Maule’s test for light microscopy observation or by staining with safranin-fuchsin for observation under epifluorescence with blue or violet excitation with fluorescence microscopy.…”

“…Light and electron microscopy techniques are of fundamental importance as they help recognise the status, and dynamics of primary and secondary plant walls [ 1 , 5 ]. The advantages of using histochemical methods in conjunction with different microscopy instruments to quantify metabolites include a better understanding of the acclimation and adaptive responses of plants to distinct environments [ 6 , 7 ]. Cellular responses to climate change, improved biofuel production, and enhanced crop productivity can be measured using these techniques [ 6 , 8 ].…”

“…Plant biologists have become increasingly dependent on the main microscopy techniques to quantify the structural components of the cell wall [ 3 , 7 , 16 ], thereby accumulating information to further our understanding of different areas of research, e.g., the study of photodevelopment, the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway to produce inhibitory molecules such as some phenolic compounds, changes in the bioaccumulation of pollutants and heavy metals in cell walls, as well as the evaluation of gene expression measurements in specific tissues and cells [ 3 , 5 , 17 ]. Among the hundreds of interactions and the biotic and abiotic changes occurring within a cell, cell wall formation under light conditions triggers a series of transcriptional changes that are related to photoreceptors (e.g., phytochromes and cryptochromes) or modified by different classes of plant hormones [ 9 , 10 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…Among the hundreds of interactions and the biotic and abiotic changes occurring within a cell, cell wall formation under light conditions triggers a series of transcriptional changes that are related to photoreceptors (e.g., phytochromes and cryptochromes) or modified by different classes of plant hormones [ 9 , 10 , 18 , 19 ]. The exposure of the internode part of stems to far-red light has revealed that layers of cell walls can be regulated and adjusted to maintain plant growth and development [ 7 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Phytochrome A Mediates the Disassembly of Processing Bodies in Far-Red Light

“…In order to cope with fluctuations in the surrounding, plants sense and integrate environmental cues and react with a high level of plasticity to adapt their growth and development accordingly ( Chevin and Lande, 2015 ). This integration happens at different levels, including gene expression ( Peschke and Kretsch, 2011 ), translation, and degradation of proteins ( Wu et al, 2019 ), as well as modifications of mechanical properties of cell walls ( Falcioni et al, 2020 ). Environmental cues can change rapidly, therefore reaction time is a critical factor.…”