Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation

The self-discharge phenomenon results in a decrease of the open-circuit voltage (OCV), which occurs when an electrochemical device is disconnected from the power source. Although the self-discharge phenomenon has widely been investigated for energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, no previous works have been reported in the literature about this phenomenon for electrolyzers. For this reason, this work is mainly focused on investigating the self-discharge voltage that occurs in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. To investigate this voltage drop for modeling purposes, experiments have been performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to analyze the decrease in the OCV. One model was developed based on different tests carried out on a commercial-400 W PEM electrolyzer for the self-discharge voltage. The proposed model has been compared with the experimental data to assess its effectiveness in modeling the self-discharge phenomenon. Thus, by taking into account this voltage drop in the modeling, simulations with a higher degree of reliability were obtained when predicting the behavior of PEM electrolyzers.

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“…As can be seen in Table 3 , the values of

and

depend on the current input i , which agrees with the work reported in [ 14 , 40 ].…”

Section: Validation and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes

et al. 2021

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“…It is important to point out that this type of modeling is strongly influenced by the operating variables such as the current, the temperature, and gas pressure. Indeed, as highlighted in previous work [54], the electrolyzer behavior strongly differs according to the operating conditions. For this reason, the parameters of the model cannot be supposed constant, but variables to ensure the reliability of the model in recreating the behavior of the electrolyzer in agreement with the operating conditions.…”

Section: B Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 59%

A Comprehensive Survey of Alkaline Electrolyzer Modeling: Electrical Domain and Specific Electrolyte Conductivity

et al. 2022

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Alkaline electrolyzers are the most widespread technology due to their maturity, low cost, and large capacity in generating hydrogen. However, compared to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, they request the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) since the electrolyte relies on a liquid solution. For this reason, the performances of alkaline electrolyzers are governed by the electrolyte concentration and operating temperature. Due to the growing development of the water electrolysis process based on alkaline electrolyzers to generate green hydrogen from renewable energy sources, the main purpose of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive survey on alkaline electrolyzers, and more specifically about their electrical domain and specific electrolytic conductivity. Besides, this survey will allow emphasizing the remaining key issues from the modeling point of view.

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“…DC/DC converters can be associated with photovoltaic sources, and AC/DC rectifiers can be used for grid coupling. The switching operation of converters then induces output current ripples [22]. Usually, studies try to achieve current ripple reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

et al. 2022

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In this study, an endurance test of 3000 h was conducted on four equivalent proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to identify and quantify the impact of an electric ripple current on their durability. Three different typical power converter waveforms and frequencies were explored. Signals were added to the same direct current carrier and also tested for reference. Performance comparison based on polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the ripple current favors degradation. Triangular waveform and a frequency of 10 kHz were identified as the most degrading conditions, leading to a sharp increase in high-frequency resistance (HFR) and the emergence of mass transport limitations due to the enhanced degradation of titanium mesh. Moreover, reversible losses were observed and further explorations are needed to decorrelate them from our observations.

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Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes

Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes

A Comprehensive Survey of Alkaline Electrolyzer Modeling: Electrical Domain and Specific Electrolyte Conductivity

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

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