Alkaline electrolyzers are the most widespread technology due to their maturity, low cost, and large capacity in generating hydrogen. However, compared to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, they request the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) since the electrolyte relies on a liquid solution. For this reason, the performances of alkaline electrolyzers are governed by the electrolyte concentration and operating temperature. Due to the growing development of the water electrolysis process based on alkaline electrolyzers to generate green hydrogen from renewable energy sources, the main purpose of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive survey on alkaline electrolyzers, and more specifically about their electrical domain and specific electrolytic conductivity. Besides, this survey will allow emphasizing the remaining key issues from the modeling point of view.
International audienceThis article introduces an original microwave ellipsometry method for the characterization of dielectric materials. It is a non-destructive technique based on the interaction between wave and material in the 26–40 GHz frequency range. The refraction index is obtained by measuring the rotation angle of the refracted wave polarization for different angular positions of the sample. The technique is then validated with polytetrafluoroethylene samples which refraction index is known
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