Cell surface receptors for herpes simplex virus are heparan sulfate proteoglycans.

Abstract

. The role of cell surface heparan sulfate in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was investigated using CHO cell mutants defective in various aspects of glycosaminoglycan synthesis . Binding of radiolabeled virus to the cells and infection were assessed in mutant and wild-type cells . Virus bound efficiently to wild-type cells and initiated an abortive infection in which immediate-early or a viral genes were expressed, despite limited production of late viral pro-DENTIFICATION of a particular cell surface molecule as a receptor for a virus, or identification of multiple cell surface molecules as alternative receptors, must be based on evidence satisfying at least two criteria . First, presence of the receptor (or one of multiple receptors) should be prerequisite for binding of virus to a cell and for subsequent infection . Conversely, absence of the putative receptor(s) should prevent specific binding of the virus to the cell and should render the cell resistant to infection . Second, it should be possible to show that the virus actually interacts physically with the cell surface molecule(s) in question . The purpose of this paper is to report genetic evidence that the cell surface glycosaminoglycan (GAG)', heparan sulfate, fulfills these criteria for identification as a receptor for herpes simplex virus (HSV) .HSV is isolated principally from humans under natural conditions although the virus has a broad host range under experimental conditions . A variety of laboratory animals can be infected with the virus and most adherent vertebrate cells grown in culture are susceptible to HSV infection . This implies that the cell surface receptors for HSV are ubiquitous and highly conserved or that different receptors may be used for the infection of different cell types.Two kinds of cell surface molecules have been implicated as receptors for HSV: heparan sulfate moieties of cell surface Darrell wuDunn's present address is

Syndecans: multifunctional cell-surface co-receptors

“…antithrombin III) and lipid carrier proteins (e.g. low-density lipoprotein) [141,[147][148][149]. Like all other known syndecan-binding activities for extracellular ligands, these interactions are mediated by the glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycans.…”

HSV trafficking and development of gene therapy vectors with applications in the nervous system

“…33,41,42 HSV-1 attachment and entry is a multistep process ( Figure 2). Binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), primarily heparan sulfate (HS), [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] is mediated by exposed domains of glycoproteins C 50 and B. 51,52 The HS-binding domains were mapped to regions within gC, 49,53 including amino acids 136-152, and a short stretch of lysine residues encompassing amino acids 68-76 within gB.…”

Basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus

“…DENV is one of the most important emerging viruses in tropical and subtropical countries with 2.5 billion people at risk to get infected and every year more than 50 million clinical cases of DENV infections [9]. Further, it was shown that several viruses such as HSV-1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV-1, DENV, vaccinia virus (VV) and adenovirus (ADV) bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) for entering and infecting the host cell [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. GAGs are linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide subunits which can be divided into six classes:…”