Cell sorting and germ layer formation in reconstructed starfish embryos

Suzuki, S.; Omori, Ikuko; Kuraishi, Ritsu; Kaneko, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1111/dgd.12749

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A similar tolerance for chimera formation at an early stage of ontogeny has been reported in the sea star Patiria pectinifera . Similar to classic studies on individual reconstruction by dissociated sponge cells ( 20 ), cells that are dissociated from the embryos or larvae of P. pectinifera are capable of reconstructing larvae, similar to sponge cells ( 21 , 22 ). Allogeneic mixtures of dissociated cells derived from the adult sponge Callyspongia diffusa form aggregates but then die within 48 h ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Taguchi

Minakata

Tame³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Ontogeny of the immune system is a fundamental immunology issue. One indicator of immune system maturation is the establishment of the immunological self, which describes the ability of the immune system to distinguish allogeneic individuals (allorecognition ability). However, the timing of immune system maturation during invertebrate ontogeny is poorly understood. In the sea star Patiria pectinifera, cells that have dissociated from the embryos and larvae are able to reconstruct larvae. This reconstruction phenomenon is possible because of a lack of allorecognition capability in the larval immune system, which facilitates the formation of an allogeneic chimera. In this study, we revealed that the adult immune cells of P. pectinifera (coelomocytes) have allorecognition ability. Based on a hypothesis that allorecognition ability is acquired before and after metamorphosis, we conducted detailed morphological observations and survival time analysis of metamorphosis-induced chimeric larvae. The results showed that all allogeneic chimeras died within approximately two weeks to one month of reaching the juvenile stage. In these chimeras, the majority of the epidermal cell layer was lost and the mesenchymal region expanded, but cell death appeared enhanced in the digestive tract. These results indicate that the immunological self of P. pectinifera is established post-metamorphosis during the juvenile stage. This is the first study to identify the timing of immune system maturation during echinodermal ontogenesis. As well as establishing P. pectinifera as an excellent model for studies on self- and non-self-recognition, this study enhances our understanding of the ontogeny of the immune system in invertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…After these reconstruction processes, the reconstructed embryos develop normally into bipinnaria larvae, forming mouth and coelomic pouches ( 21 ). This reconstruction phenomenon is also achieved by mixing dissociated cells from sibling embryos derived from a common parent ( 22 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Taguchi

Minakata

Tame³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…2.1 | Starfish and fertilized eggs P. pectinifera were collected as previously described (Suzuki et al, 2021), while mature P. pectinifera eggs were obtained by treating dissected ovaries with 10 À6 M 1-methyladenine in artificial seawater (ASW; MARINE ART SF-1; Tomita Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) for 45 min (Kanatani, 1969). Next, the eggs were inseminated with diluted sperm obtained from the sampled testes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, experiments were performed using 2-dpf bipinnaria larvae obtained from the separated blastomeres. Specifically, 30 of such 2-dpf larvae were dissociated using a cell-dissociation procedure involving the use of glycine solution, as previously described (Suzuki et al, 2021). Finally, the cells were placed in a hemocytometer for cell counting (C-Chip; NanoEntek).…”

Section: Cell Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size adjustment occurs during the larval growth of the separated blastomeres of the starfish, Patiria Pectinifera

Okura¹,

Kuraishi

Kaneko

2022

Dev Growth Differ

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Starfish embryos derived from blastomeres separated at the early cleavage stage exhibit morphogenesis to form normally shaped, but smaller-sized dwarf bipinnaria larvae. To further understand this developmental capacity, we primarily characterized the morphogenetic processes of separated 2-cell and 4-cell stage blastomeres during the embryonic and larval periods of the starfish, Patiria Pectinifera. Using non-separated blastomeres as the control, we subjected the separated blastomeres to morphological analyses in conjunction with quantitative measurements of the changes in their body sizes with time post-fertilization. Our results were as follows: (i) Blastomeres separated at 2-cell and 4-cell stages synchronously developed into dwarf-sized bipinnaria larvae. (ii) Upon reaching a body size of 500-700 μm, all the bipinnaria larvae originating from the separated blastomeres and controls began to undergo a series of similar organ formation events in preparation for metamorphosis-recognized as the demarcation between the early and late substages of the bipinnaria larval period. (iii) The separated blastomeres became brachiolaria larvae capable of undergoing metamorphosis at differing rates after reaching approximately 1000-1200 μm body sizes, with adult rudiment and sensory organ forming functionally. (iv) The unfed controls and dwarf bipinnaria larvae derived from blastomeres separated at the 4-cell stage arrested their development synchronously without reaching the threshold size required for the latter half of the bipinnaria stage. These results, taken together, suggested that separated blastomeres possess the developmental capacity to become brachiolaria larvae through a shift in morphogenetic regulation from a synchronous growth to size adjustment during the larval period.

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“…Model systems, for example plated confluent layers which include different cell types also often show localised demixing. 2,4,5 A number of mechanisms have been suggested to explain cell sorting in tissues, and investigated both in vitro and in silico. These can appeal to differences in cell adhesion, line tension, or activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%