Cell proliferation of human ovarian cancer is regulated by the opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor axis

Abstract

Donahue RN, McLaughlin PJ, Zagon IS. Cell proliferation of human ovarian cancer is regulated by the opioid growth factoropioid growth factor receptor axis.

Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs)

“…30 MENK possesses bilateral regulation on immune cells, which means that MENK at higher concentrations such as 10 -6 M or lower concentrations such as 10 -18 M will delay immune cell growth and the possible mechanism is MENK can interact with OGFr to upregulate cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory (CKI) pathways and markedly delay the G 1 /S phase of the cell cycle. [31][32][33][34] However, MENK at a range of physiological concentrations between 10 -11 and 10 -15 M will enhance immune cell growth. Beyond the wellknown interaction of MENK with the μ-and δ-opioid receptor, the peptide has been shown to bind with a distinct receptor-type, named zeta (ζ) receptors.…”

“…Recently, scientists have identified a novel endogenous opioid system (OGF-OGFr) that inhibited cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and tissue organization. 31,34,[36][37][38][39] Our previous work has proven that MENK could intensify in the DC-CD4+T cell pathway, stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood, induce DC progenitors to develop to mDC, and drive macrophage polarization into M1-type in mice bearing tumor. 27,[40][41][42] PTD, a synthetic substance, has been shown to ameliorate different functions of innate and adaptive immune responses both in animals and humans.…”

Topical Naltrexone Is a Safe and Effective Alternative to Standard Treatment of Diabetic Wounds

“…[23][24][25] Total opioid receptor blockade by NTX restores the proliferating homeostasis required for tissue repair. [13][14][15]22,[26][27][28][29] In this preclinical study, a comparison of effectiveness was made between the new NTX formulation (0.03%) and Regranex applied once daily for the treatment of cutaneous wounds in type 1 diabetic rats. In addition to cell replication, the appearance of mast cells as a marker of inflammation, and the expression of cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PDGF, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were evaluated for both therapies.…”

Methionine enkephalin (MENK) improves lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood of 50 cancer patients by inhibiting regulatory T cells (Tregs)

“…1 MENK, composed of Tye-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met, is derived from pre-enkephalin and circulates in blood at low concentration in body. 2 The data from both early documented studies [3][4][5] and published results in our laboratory indicated that MENK at suitable range of concentrations could enhance activity of various types of immune cells, like: augmenting interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+T cells, induction of phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs with increased antigen presentation, improvement of antitumor activity of DCs loaded with antigen, induction of macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in mouse model, eliciting CD8+T cell cytotoxicity, upregulating the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, increasing the release of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide and stimulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal human donors. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In addition, there have been studies indicating that MENK could inhibit tumor growth.…”