Cell Differentiation on Nanoscale Features of a Titanium Surface: Effects of Deposition Time in NaOH Solution

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate cellular behavior on nanoscale features of a titanium surface by controlling the deposition time in NaOH. These effects were then evaluated for osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow cells to potentially increase the success rate of titanium implants. Titanium disks were left untreated or soaked in 10 M NaOH for 5 min, and 1h, 3h, 9h and 24 h. Scanning electron and probe microscopy were used to evaluate the nanoscale features. Rat bone marrow cells were seeded on the specimens in osteogenic differentiation medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and mineralization were then analyzed. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Nanofeatures were detected at 1 h after NaOH treatment and were well established at 9 h. Alkaline phosphatase activities of specimens soaked for 1 h or 3 h were significantly different from specimens soaked for 9 h or 24 h after 14 days of differentiation. Osteocalcin production and calcium deposition between untreated specimens and specimens soaked for 5 min, as well as between specimens soaked for 9 h and 24 h, were significantly different after 21 days. It was found that the nanoscale modification of a titanium implant surface by NaOH treatment affects osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow cells and enhances mineralization. This study found that modification of titanium surfaces with NaOH could be an effective method of improving their biological properties. Further developments in nanotechnology may help improve osseointegration of titanium implants.

Effect of Nanosheet Surface Structure of Titanium Alloys on Cell Differentiation

“…The contact angles of the alkali-treated titanium alloy disks gradually decreased compared with those of the control group, which suggests that the wettability of the surface of the test group was decreased by NaOH treatment. Xing and Fujino and colleagues showed that a surface roughness between 13 and 16 nm was optimal for RBM cell culture [23,24]. The nanonetwork structure formed on the titanium alloy disks here is similar to the hierarchical structure reported by Zhao and coworkers [25].…”

Analysis of Titania Nanosheet Adsorption Behavior Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor

“…e contact angles of the alkali-treated titanium disks gradually decreased in comparison with those of the control group, indicating that the wettability of the surface of the test group was reduced by NaOH treatment. In previous studies, a surface roughness of between 13 and 16 nm was found to be optimal for RBM cell culture [18,19]. e nanonetwork structure framed on the titanium disks here was like the hierarchical structure outlined by Zhao et al [12].…”

Bioactivity of Titanium Surface Nanostructures Following Chemical Processing and Heat Treatment

“…Surfaces with nanostructures are well-known to possess increased surface area compared with those without such features 5,6,16) .…”