Cell adhesion and proliferation studies on semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi‐IPNs) of polyacrylamide and gelatin

Abstract

In this study, the effect of feed composition, degree of hydrophilicity, and internal morphology has been investigated for cell proliferation potential of the polyacrylamide/gelatin (PAm/G) semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPNs). Polycaprolactone diacrylate was used to cross-link polyacrylamide chains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs demonstrate uniformly distributed porous structure with internal diameter in the range of 75-175 μm, dependent on matrix compositions. Water-air contact angle was found in the range of 49° ± 0.22 to 89° ± 0.14 (p < 0.02) suggesting varying degree of hydrophilicity of the hydrogel surface. In addition, protein adsorption study showed 45 ± 0.14 μg to 64 ± 0.12 μg (p < 0.01) of protein adsorbed per cm² of hydrogel. Quantitative estimation of cell adhesion and proliferation was carried out by DNA quantification using fluorimetric assay method (p < 0.02). Microscopic images of proliferative cells on semi-IPNs by fluorescent and inverted phase contrast supported the findings of DNA quantification. Contact angle in the range of 63-69° in association with 52-59 μg/cm² protein absorption and 115-150 μm pore size was found optimum for fibroblast proliferation on PAm/G semi-IPN scaffolds. The newly developed semi-interpenetrating network may serve as a potential scaffold for soft tissue-engineering applications.

Evaluation of hydrogels for bio‐printing applications

“…On the remaining gels, little proliferation was observed, most likely due to the non‐adherent nature of most the gels. This highlights an important point: To effectively support keratinocyte, or any cell type, proliferation and migration, the gel needs to contain a cell‐adherent element, such as collagen, gelatin, or arginine/glycine/aspartate (RGD) peptide sequences 67–69. To evaluate the propensity of the materials for eliciting an immune response, we employed a lymphocyte proliferation assay after incubating them with each of the hydrogels for 4 days.…”

“…This highlights an important point: To effectively support keratinocyte, or any cell type, proliferation and migration, the gel needs to contain a cell-adherent element, such as collagen, gelatin, or arginine/glycine/aspartate (RGD) peptide sequences. [67][68][69] To evaluate the propensity of the materials for eliciting an immune response, we employed a lymphocyte proliferation assay after incubating them with each of the hydrogels for 4 days. Interestingly, all gels in which collagen was a component resulted in lymphocyte proliferation.…”

In vitro and in vivo investigational studies of a nanocomposite‐hydrogel‐based dressing with a silver‐coated chitosan wafer for full‐thickness skin wounds

“…Such a morphology protect the wound from microbial penetration across the dressing and also offers a long‐lasting aseptic environment in the healing area. Additionally, the pore size and their orientation also influence the cell‐proliferation potential of the scaffolds; interconnected pores allow the growing cells to connect with the surface and offer a space for their migration …”

PMMA/PHEA Interpenetrating Network Embedded With Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

“…Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of various types have been achieved satisfactorily for various biomedical applications ranging from superabsorbent [1] to controlled drug delivery and soft tissue replacement [2,3]. An IPN is a unique self-assembled system of two or more polymers, bonded physically by two independent and noninterfering polymerization reactions.…”