Ceiling temperature distribution and smoke diffusion in tunnel fires with natural ventilation

Kashef, Ahmed; Yuan, Zhongyuan; Lei, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.09.019

Cited by 101 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In recent years, many studies on the natural ventilation with shafts have been carried out . Kashef et al conducted a set of experiments by using 1/15 reduced‐scale model, to investigate the tunnel ceiling temperature distribution and smoke diffusion with natural ventilation in tunnel fires . Zhang et al investigated the plug‐holing under different fire heat release rates, fire‐shaft distances, and shaft heights in the naturally ventilated tunnel fire .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39][40][41] Kashef et al conducted a set of experiments by using 1/15 reduced-scale model, to investigate the tunnel ceiling temperature distribution and smoke diffusion with natural ventilation in tunnel fires. 42 Zhang et al investigated the plug-holing under different fire heat release rates, fire-shaft distances, and shaft heights in the naturally ventilated tunnel fire. 43 Cong et al proposed a board-coupled shaft, to investigate the distance between the board and shaft on natural ventilation during tunnel fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical study on the effects of naturally ventilated shaft and fire locations in urban tunnels

Fan

Chen

Mao³

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary In more and more tunnels, natural ventilation mode with vertical shafts has been gradually employed. However, there are few studies investigating the influences of fire and shaft positions on natural ventilation performance currently. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the transverse distance from fire source to tunnel sidewall, the longitudinal distance from fire source to shaft, and the transverse distance from shaft to sidewall on natural ventilation effectiveness in a tunnel fire by using Fire Dynamics Simulator. The typical characteristic parameters of smoke, such as mass flow rate, temperature distribution, and velocity vector were analyzed; besides, the phenomenon of plug‐holing was discussed. The results have shown that the mass flow rate of gas exhausted by the shaft decreases slightly with the increase of longitudinal distance from fire source to shaft. When the longitudinal distance from fire source to shaft is constant, changing the transverse distance from shaft to sidewall will have a more obvious effect on the effectiveness of exhausting smoke than changing the transverse distance from fire source to sidewall; in addition, the phenomenon of plug‐holing is more serious when the shaft is close to the sidewall.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study on the effects of naturally ventilated shaft and fire locations in urban tunnels

Fan

Chen

Mao³

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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“…These situations commonly exist in the real world, for example in a transportation tunnel where longitudinal forced ventilation is usually employed for pollution or smoke control [e.g., [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Even in corridors inside buildings, longitudinal flows may exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame extension lengths beneath a confined ceiling induced by fire in a channel with longitudinal air flow

Qiu

Chen

et al. 2018

Fire Safety Journal

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This paper investigates the length of flame extension for an impinging flame underneath the confined ceiling in a channel with longitudinal air flow. Previous works in this field have been primarily concerned with un-confined ceilings and no forced air flow conditions. Under longitudinal air flow conditions, the flame extension beneath the channel ceiling is non-symmetrical, that is, different in the upstream and downstream directions from the fire source. In this study, experiments were carried out with two channeled ceilings with widths of 1.5 m and 0.5 m. Square porous gas burners of different sizes were employed as the fire source, using propane as fuel, with various heat release rates and

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“…Li et al (2011) established a simplified calculation to predict the velocity, temperature, and thickness of the smoke layer in a long corridor, and the model was validated by reduced-scale experiments. Kashef et al (2013) studied the distribution of smoke temperature and extent of diffusion in a reduced-scale tunnel with natural ventilation, and developed formulas to predict the temperature distribution and smoke diffusion extent based on experimental results and the one-dimensional theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Building Corridor Based on Reduced-scale Experiments

Zhou

Mao

Huang

et al. 2017

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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A reduced-scale (1:4) building corridor model was prepared to investigate the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke diffusion in a building corridor. Trays with heptane as fuel were used as fire sources. Three different sizes of trays were involved in this study to investigate the different HRRs. The results revealed that fire associated with larger trays exhibited a steeper power-law growth and decay. The temperature distributions in the corridor for the three cases showed similar tendencies. The temperature in the upper part of the corridor was relatively high, which decayed sharply along the corridor. However, the temperature in the lower part of the corridor was approximately the ambient temperature. Numerical simulation was also introduced to obtain more details regarding the temperature. The ceiling temperature was studied by using dimensionless parameters. The correlation between the ceiling temperature and the distance was fitted by using an exponential equation, and significant fitting results were obtained. Moreover, the vertical average temperatures in the corridor were also studied. The result indicated that greater HRRs led to higher vertical average temperatures with steeper growths and decreases.

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Ceiling temperature distribution and smoke diffusion in tunnel fires with natural ventilation

Cited by 101 publications

References 11 publications

A numerical study on the effects of naturally ventilated shaft and fire locations in urban tunnels

A numerical study on the effects of naturally ventilated shaft and fire locations in urban tunnels

Flame extension lengths beneath a confined ceiling induced by fire in a channel with longitudinal air flow

Studies on Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Building Corridor Based on Reduced-scale Experiments

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