Cefotaxime

Abstract

Cefotaxime was the first 'third generation' cephalosporin to be marketed and is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Similar to other agents of this class, it has a broad spectrum of in vitro activity, particularly against Enterobacteriaceae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. Cefotaxime forms a metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, which is antibacterially effective against many bacteria per se and acts additively or synergistically with cefotaxime against many strains. Since the first review of cefotaxime in the Journal, further studies have confirmed its value in the treatment of various infections: complicated urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, bacteraemia, meningitis, uncomplicated gonorrhoea, infections of skin and soft tissue and of bone and joints, and obstetric and gynaecological infections. Cefotaxime is effective as an empirical treatment of suspected infection due to susceptible organisms in immunocompromised patients and is of proven efficacy in serious, life-threatening infections in general. Cefotaxime reduces the incidence of postsurgical infection but the role of third generation cephalosporins in prophylaxis remains to be determined. The indications for which cefotaxime and other 'third generation' cephalosporins would be considered the most appropriate therapy remain largely dependent upon such factors as varied as cost, local medical custom, decisions of regulatory agencies and geographical patterns of bacterial resistance. Cefotaxime nevertheless represents a valuable 'third generation' cephalosporin of great clinical value in certain infectious conditions, in particular those which are serious and life-threatening and where resistance to therapies is creating a clinical problem.

Population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in intensive care patients

“…Cefotaxime disposition has previously been described [2] by a two-compartment model, with linear pharmacokinetics (PK). The half-life in healthy volunteers is reported to be around 1 h, with 80% of an intravenous dose excreted in urine whereas 20% is recovered in faeces following biliary excretion.…”

Cefotaxime induced generalized bullous fixed drug eruption - A case report

“…This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis. It is used to treat obstetric and gynecological infections, lower respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, complicated urinary tract infections, uncomplicated gonorrhea, meningitis, infection of the skin and soft tissue and reduces the incidence of postsurgical bacterial infection [ 4 ].…”

Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Rosuvastatin, Spironolactone, Glibenclamide and Naproxen Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Plasma by RP‐HPLC

“…It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, an enzyme responsible for making prostaglandin's, which are mediators of inflammation, it is recommended that this medication be taken with food to minimize stomach irritation. 30,31 Several methods are reported in the United State pharmacopoeia for the determination of naproxen tablet and a number of workers reported the method of simultaneous determination of naproxen. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Glibenclamide, a second-generation sulphonylurea, induces insulin secretion by ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel) in pancreatic-cells.…”