Cefalópodos recolectados en la pesquería de crustáceos de la zona norte y centro-sur de Chile

Abstract

The fauna of cephalopods collected in the crustacean trawl fishery between 1996 and 1999 was analyzed. The study area includes the continental slope off Chile between 21º 34' S and 38º 30' S. A total of five taxa were recorded, being the octopods Opisthoteuthis sp. y Benthoctopus sp. the species with a higher relative importance, while the squids Todarodes filippovae, Gonatus antarcticus and Neorossia sp. were caught less frequently. Higher relative biomass of Opisthoteuthis sp., Benthoctopus sp. and T. filippovae were detected northward of 30º S and G. antarcticus had its higher abundance ground between 33º and 34º S. All species were caught mainly around 400 m depth in the northern study area, showing Benthoctopus sp. and G. antarcticus a decrease in the capture depth towards Central and Southern Chile. The identity of Benthoctopus sp. and the distribution of the cephalopod species found are discussed.

Overview of cephalopod fisheries in Chilean waters

“…Other species, such as M. ingens, are not mentioned by Osorio (1989), even though their incidental captures are known in the southern Chile fisheries (Ojeda, personal communication). Several species of cephalopod, including deep-water octopods and sepioids, are captured in Chilean fisheries, especially trawl fisheries (Villaroel et al, 2001). Rocha (1997) (Villegas, 2001).…”

“…Exploitation of cephalopods in Chilean waters is low (2-5% of molluscs, 0.05-0.2% of total catch during the 1990s) (SERNAPESCA database). Aside from the small-scale octopus fishery of northern Chile, these molluscs are not considered target species (Villaroel et al, 2001). In addition, biological and fishery information on cephalopods in Chile is scarce (Rocha, 1997) and the importance of cephalopods within the national market is minimal, although on the increase.…”

Phylogeny and biogeography of Muusoctopus (Cephalopoda: Enteroctopodidae)

“…However, Villarroel et al . () and Ibáñez et al . () recognized two different Muusoctopus morphotypes from the Chilean coast between 22°S and 45°S at depths between 241 and 922 m. One of them is M. longibrachus longibrachus and the other was recently described as Benthoctopus eicomar Vega .…”

Uso de la morfometria de las mandibulas de cefalopodos en estudios de contenido estomacal

“…Su rol en el ecosistema parece ser el de depredadores subdominantes (Roper et al, 1984), con un papel ecológico semejante al de los peces (Nixon, 1987;Guerra, 1992). Son activos depredadores de crustáceos, moluscos, poliquetos, peces y otros cefalópodos (Guerra et al, 1991;Cortez et al, 1995;Clarke & Paliza, 2000;Villarroel et al, 2001;Ibáñez & Chong, 2008;. Constituyen presas importantes de mamíferos marinos y aves marinas (Clarke et al, 1976;Arata & Xavier, 2003), y forman parte importante de complejas redes tróficas de peces óseos y cartilaginosos (Movillo & Bahamonde, 1971;Rocha et al, 1991;Ibáñez et al, 2004;Markaida & Hochberg, 2005;Castillo et al, 2007).…”

“…Se describe y analiza la morfometría de un total de 111 mandíbulas inferiores, correspondiente a 28 especies de cefalópodos de aguas chilenas, distribuidos en cuatro órdenes y doce familias (Boletzky, 1999), depositados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural , ejemplares presentes en la fauna acompañante de pesquerías de arrastre de crustáceos que operan en el talud continental del norte y centro sur de Chile (Villarroel et al, 2001), ejemplares recolectados en expediciones científicas insulares al archipiélago de Juan Fernández (Vega et al, 2007) e isla de Pascua, y de estómagos de peces (Rocha et al, 1991) y mamíferos marinos de la zona austral de Chile (Tabla 1).…”