Cecal Microbiome Analyses on Wild Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) Reveals High Level of Coexistence of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria

Ueda, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Atsushi; Tsuchida, Sayaka; Yamada, Takuji; Murata, Koichi; Nakamura, Hiroshi; Ushida, Kazunari

doi:10.3390/microorganisms6030077

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Growing evidence indicates a close relationship between nutrient utilization and gut microbiome communities in various animals [8][9][10][11]. For example, herbivorous small hindgut fermenters get short-chain fatty acids from the bacterial fermentation of fiber carbohydrates in the cecum and essential amino acids from microbial proteins through cecotrophy [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Other Herbivorous Livestock in Ghana

et al. 2020

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The grasscutter (also known as the greater cane rat; Thryonomys swinderianus) is a large rodent native to West Africa that is currently under domestication process for meat production. However, little is known about the physiology of this species. In the present study, aiming to provide information about gut microbiota of the grasscutter and better understand its physiology, we investigated the intestinal microbiota of grasscutters and compared it with that of other livestock (cattle, goat, rabbit, and sheep) using 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis. Similar to the other herbivorous animals, bacteria classified as Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were abundant in the microbiome of grasscutters. However, Prevotella and Treponema bacteria, which have fiber fermentation ability, were especially abundant in grasscutters, where the relative abundance of these genera was higher than that in the other animals. The presence of these genera might confer grasscutters the ability to easily breakdown dietary fibers. Diets for grasscutters should be made from ingredients not consumed by humans to avoid competition for resources and the ability to digest fibers may allow the use of fiber-rich feed materials not used by humans. Our findings serve as reference and support future studies on changes in the gut microbiota of the grasscutter as domestication progresses in order to establish appropriate feeding methods and captivity conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Other Herbivorous Livestock in Ghana

et al. 2020

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“…The predominant bacterial genera detected in the cecal feces of the chicks used in the present study ( e.g. , Olsenella , Actinomyces , Slackia, and Shuttleworthia ; Table 1) were also predominant in adult wild JRP in various locations [52]. These bacterial genera are all anaerobic gut bacteria, except for Actinomyces .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Role of coprophagy in the cecal microbiome development of an herbivorous bird Japanese rock ptarmigan

et al. 2019

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The transgenerational maintenance of symbiotic microbes that benefit host nutrition and health is evolutionarily advantageous. In some vertebrate lineages, coprophagy is used as a strategy for effectively transmitting microbes across generations. However, this strategy has still not been studied in birds. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of maternal cecal feces consumption by Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) chicks as a strategy for acquiring essential gut microbes. Both the duration of coprophagy behavior by the chicks and the development process of the chick cecal microbiome (n=20 one- to three-week-old chicks, from three broods) were investigated. In all three broods, coprophagy behavior was only observed from 3 to 18 days of age. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 1-week-old chicks (n=651) and adults (n=609), and most of the main OTUs observed in the adults were already present in the 1-week-old chicks. These results indicate that, in this precocial bird species, coprophagy may contribute to the early establishment of cecal bacteria that are essential for food digestion and, thus, chick survival. In fact, Japanese rock ptarmigan chicks consume the same food as their hens from the time of hatching. This behavior may have applications to ex-situ conservation.

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“…2 ) because they had no opportunity of coprophagy, the primary way of transmitting essential gut microbiome in rock ptarmigans [ 17 ] in addition to the daily dose of antibiotics. The major OTUs in semi-wild individuals belonging to genera Olsenella , Slackia , Shuttleworthia , and Megasphaera are widely seen in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans [ 34 ]. In contrast, these OTUs were not seen in captive individuals ( Supplementary Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and lactate utilizers such as Megasphaera spp. may lead to higher propionate levels in the guts of wild Japanese rock ptarmigans [ 34 ]. Megasphaera spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic LC-MS/MS analyses and meta 16S rRNA gene analyses on cecal feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans reveal fundamental differences between semi-wild and captive raised individuals

Kobayashi

Tsuchida

Hattori

et al. 2020

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Ex situ conservation of Japanese rock ptarmigans began in 2015 with the aim of reintroducing artificially raised birds into their original habitat. However, the current raising method in captivity seems insufficient in terms of the survivability of artificially raised birds in natural conditions. Feeding management is one potential reason for such insufficiency. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the hydrophilic metabolites by LC-MS/MS for the cecal feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans under in situ and ex situ conservation to reveal their gut chemical environment. We also analyzed the developmental processes of cecal microbiomes both in situ semi-wild and ex situ captive individuals. Metabolites of nucleic acid were rich in the in situ individuals, and free amino acids were rich in the ex situ individuals. The differences in the microbiome composition between in situ and ex situ individuals were also pronounced; major genera of in situ individuals were not detected or few in ex situ individuals. The alpha diversity of the cecal microbiome of semi-wild chicks at 1 week of age was almost the same as that of their hens, while it was very low in captive individuals. Sub-therapeutic use of oxytetracycline, a diet rich in protein and energy, and isolation from adult birds are considered to be causes for these great differences in gut chemical and microbiological environment between in situ and ex situ individuals.

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Cecal Microbiome Analyses on Wild Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) Reveals High Level of Coexistence of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Other Herbivorous Livestock in Ghana

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Other Herbivorous Livestock in Ghana

Role of coprophagy in the cecal microbiome development of an herbivorous bird Japanese rock ptarmigan

Metabolomic LC-MS/MS analyses and meta 16S rRNA gene analyses on cecal feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans reveal fundamental differences between semi-wild and captive raised individuals

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