Cecal Ligation and Puncture Versus Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis: Two Distinct Animal Models for Polymicrobial Sepsis

Abstract

Colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), two animal models designed to closely mimic the clinical course of intra-abdominal sepsis, were compared. In the past, immunomodulatory therapies developed in animal studies failed to be successful in humans. As a consequence, the established animal sepsis models were criticized. It has been proposed that present models had to be reevaluated, and new, clinically more relevant models should be evolved. CLP procedure was performed puncturing once (CLP[1]) or twice (CLP[2]) the ligated cecum of C57BL/6 mice. In the CASP model, a stent with defined diameter was surgically inserted into the ascending colon. Survival, bacterial load, immunohistochemistry, and serum cytokine levels were analyzed in the groups. Survival after CASP procedure correlated strongly with the stent diameter, whereas the number of punctures in CLP did not significantly change survival rate. Bacterial loads of peritoneal lavage, liver, and lung, as well as serum cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 10) steadily increased from 6 to 24 h after the CASP procedure. In contrast, continuously low amounts of bacteria and cytokines were found in CLP mice at any point of time. Twenty-four hours after CLP surgery, the ligated cecum was covered by adhesive small bowel loops, whereas in CASP mice, the intestinal leakage was then still present. The CASP model mimics closely the clinical course of diffuse peritonitis with early and steadily increasing systemic infection and inflammation (systemic inflammatory response syndrome). In contrast, CLP reveals a model of intra-abdominal abscess formation with sustained and minor signs of systemic inflammation.

Early sepsis does not stimulate reactive oxygen species production and does not reduce cardiac function despite an increased inflammation status

“…CASP is thus more severe than CLP with a high inflammatory reaction (Maier et al. 2004). However, it is less adapted to the study of the hyperdynamic phase of sepsis and its consequences on the cardiac function and it was thus rejected of our experimental design.…”

Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture versus Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis: Comparative Study for Oxidative Stress

“…Furthermore, it was found that the serum NO level was significantly higher in [15] that IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were higher in CASP than in CLP model. The gangrene was observed in the cecum of CLP model in the current study, while the broad adherence was found in CASP model, indicating that Figure 3.…”

“…Meanwhile, the severity of sepsis could be well controlled by manipulating the punctures in CLP model or drainages in CASP model [15]. Furthermore, Maier et al [15] have suggested that CASP closely mimics the clinical course of diffuse peritonitis, whereas CLP more closely resembles intra-abdominal abscess formation.…”

“…Furthermore, Maier et al [15] have suggested that CASP closely mimics the clinical course of diffuse peritonitis, whereas CLP more closely resembles intra-abdominal abscess formation.…”

Median lethal needle caliber in two models of experimental sepsis

“…There is also variation in mice. Reports of LC50 in mice vary from 21 to 18G 26,35 . Cecal ligation and puncture may be considered a reproducible method between laboratories despite this variation.…”