“…In our preliminary readings of the works on predisposing factors, however, we found that the literature was almost exclusively centered on the identification and measurement of individual risk factors. These included the following: use of substances, particularly benzodiazepines or opioids prior to entering nursing (Mynatt, ; Rojas, Jeon‐Slaughter, Brand, & Koos, ); comorbid medical (Sullivan, ) or psychiatric (Breslin, ; Darbro, ; Rojas et al., ) illnesses; history of childhood abuse or sexual trauma (Breslin, ; Dittman, ; Strom‐Paikin, ; Sullivan, ,b); socializing with others who abuse substances (Kenna & Lewis, ); absence of proscriptions against substance use (Beamer, ; Trinkoff, Zhou, Storr, & Soeken, ); ‘sensation‐ or thrill‐seeking’ personality (Trinkoff & Storr, ; West, ); family history of addictions (Bugle, ; Kenna & Lewis, ; Kenna & Wood, , ; Stammer, ); use of substances to self‐medicate emotional distress or physical pain (Darbro, ; Dittman, ; Hutchinson, , ; Lillibridge, Cox, & Cross, ; Stammer, ); and male gender (Bugle, ; McNelis et al., ). Multifactorial explanations involving any combination of these individual risk factors have also been offered (West, , ).…”