“…ATD programs have consistently demonstrated much higher service uptake and program completion rates than the historical punitive approaches (College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia, ; Kunyk & Austin, ; Monroe et al, ; Monroe & Pearson, ; National Council of State Boards of Nursing, ; Smith, Krinkle, & Barnett, ). However, although the ATD approach is well supported, the nursing literature has continued to focus ongoing efforts and research in this area on persuading reluctant regulatory bodies to shift from punitive to ATD models (Ross, Berry, Smye, & Goldner, ). Meanwhile, the foundational premises, structure, and overall effectiveness of the standardized and compulsory treatment regime within these ATD programs have not been critically scrutinized (Astrab Fogger & McGuinness, ; Monroe et al, ).…”