CdWO4 crystal growth and production of a spectrometric detection unit with a large-volume (V ≅ 350 cm3) crystal

Luminescence Efficiency of Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4) Single Crystal for Medical Imaging Applications

“…Furthermore, CdWO 4 is a non-hydroscopic, radiation hard, cheap material, with short values of afterglow (0.05% after three milliseconds of exposure), a high effective atomic number (Zeff values ranging from 61 to 66 were reported in the literature), and a gamma ray detection efficiency (ρZ 4 e f f ) equal to 134 × 10 6 [1,3,4,7,8,13,14,18,[23][24][25][26]. However, there are certain drawbacks such as the fact that it is difficult to produce in large dimensions and it is toxic due to cadmium [16,[25][26][27][28][29][30]. These properties make CdWO 4 suitable for various applications, such as high-energy physics, spectroscopy, gamma-ray detectors, as well as in the search for dark matter in the universe, neutrinoless 2β decay detection, and α decay of 180 W experiments [8,31].…”

“…CWO has been also used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting sensors, optical fibers, introscopy, photocatalysis, radiometric devices, lasers, electronics, and photovoltaics [10][11][12]22,31,32]. Furthermore, CdWO 4 has a high melting point (1272 • C) which is ideal for applications in harsh environments such as in industrial applications for nondestructive testing (NDT) of welds on pipelines and pressure vessels in the oil and gas industry, in dual-energy non-intrusive inspection of cargo containers, in deep geology boreholes, in marine research and nuclear plants [3,4,6,[10][11][12]30,33,34].…”

Structural investigation and scintillation properties of Cd1−xZnxWO4solid solution single crystals

“…18,19 In addition, the typical macrodefects of a CdWO 4 single crystal are pores and cracking formed due to deviation from stationarity and the presence of gas-forming impurities from the melt. 20 Another problem is gas-forming CdO from the melt, which will cause environmental pollution. For ZnWO 4 single crystals, high-quality inclusion-free ZnWO 4 crystals have been grown by a modified Czochralski technique.…”