CD30 expression by CD8+ T cells producing type 2 helper cytokines. Evidence for large numbers of CD8+CD30+ T cell clones in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Abstract

SummaryA large panel of CD8 + T cell clones generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy donors or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals were assessed for both cytokine secretion profile and CD30 expression and release. The great majority of CD8 + T cell dones generated from healthy individuals showed the ability to produce interferon 3' (IFN-3'), but not interleukin 4 (IL-4), and none of them either expressed membrane CD30 or released substantial amounts of soluble CD30 (sCD30) in their supernatant. In contrast, high numbers of CD8 + T cell clones generated from HIV-infected individuals, which produced IL-4 (and IL-5) in addition to IFN-3' or IL-4 (and IL-5) alone, expressed membrane CD30 and released detectable amounts of sCD30 in their supernatants. Indeed, CD30 expression appeared to be positively correlated with the ability of CD8 + T cell clones to produce IL-4 and IL-5 and inversely correlated with their ability to produce IFN-% whereas no correlation between CD30 expression and production of IL-10 was observed. These data suggest that CD30 is a marker for CD8 + T cells that have switched to the production of type 2 helper cytokines.

CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production in long-term non-progressor and in progressor patients with HIV-1 infection

“…Also the study of cytokine production profiles can be used for this purpose: a switch from Th1 to Th2 cytokine-producing cells in the course of the disease has been suggested to be associated with deteriorating immunological functions [9,19]. Previous studies have also shown that CD28 and IL-2 production are reduced in HIV infection, and that in HIV , but p24-negative subjects, IL-2 is a key factor of the immunological response, because of its ability to reduce the mortality of CD8 CD28 non-activated cells [20][21][22].…”

“…The presence of a dichotomy of Th1 and Th2 predominance in HIV-infected individuals has been recently debated [9,10,19,24]. Some authors suggest that large numbers of CD8 clones from these patients produce type 2 helper cytokines [19].…”

“…Some authors suggest that large numbers of CD8 clones from these patients produce type 2 helper cytokines [19]. On the contrary, it has been shown that CD8 cells in HIV patients expressed large amounts of IFN-and IL-10, and that the levels of these cytokines remained stable throughout the course of the infection [24].…”

High serum level of soluble CD30 in acute primary HIV-1 infection

“…The highly dynamic pathogenic mechanisms involved in the earliest phase of HIV infection are complex and not yet fully elucidated [1][2][3]. Among them, a relevant role is probably played by CD30-CD30 ligand (CD30L) interactions, as suggested by several recent findings [4][5][6][7].…”

“…Among them: (i) the up-regulation of CD30 expression and sCD30 release following in vitro HIV infection of CD4 + Th2-type clones [4,6], i.e. those functionally characterized T cells in which HIV replication preferentially occurs [13]; (ii) evidence that CD30 triggering promotes viral replication in infected cells [5][6][7]; (iii) the ability of CD30 cross-linking to activate NF-kB [7,14], which is known to induce the HIV long terminal repeat leading to virus synthesis in infected cells [15]. In addition, we previously demonstrated that serum levels of sCD30 soon after seroconversion represent a prognostic parameter in patients with HIV infection [11].…”