CD137 agonist potentiates the abscopal efficacy of nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy for melanoma

Anti-Fn14-Conjugated Prussian Blue Nanoparticles as a Targeted Photothermal Therapy Agent for Glioblastoma

“…The thermal doses attained during PTT with aFn14-PBNP were lower in the presence of GBM tumor cells for both cell lines as compared to those in water (e.g., 89 °C for aFn14-PBNP alone vs. 77 °C at 2 W for U87). This attenuation can be attributed to components present in the media (e.g., serum proteins) and is consistent with our observations when using uncoated PBNPs for PTT, as well as literature precedent [ 43 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. However, the cells attained temperatures above those required to generate thermal ablation in treated tumor cells (>45 °C) at all laser powers tested for both GBM lines.…”

“…PTT using aFn14-PBNP elicited thermally induced cell death in both GBM tumor lines as evidenced by a decrease in cellular viability in a laser power-dependent manner ( Figure 3 A). For U87 cells, the cellular viability decreased from 97.85% for aFn14-PBNP (without the laser) to 42.95% at 0.75 W, with the lowest viability of 18.45% observed at the highest laser power of 2 W. Similarly, for U251 cells, the cellular viability decreased from 95.00% for aFn14-PBNP (without the laser) to 55.25% at 0.75 W, with the lowest viability of 11.19% observed at the highest laser power of 2 W. For both tumor lines, the IC50 was attained at thermal doses of 4.72 for U87 and 4.86 for U251, respectively corresponding to a laser power of 0.75 W. These findings with aFn14-PBNP-based PTT in GBM tumor cells are consistent with our observations when using PBNPs for PTT in diverse tumor cell lines such as neuroblastoma, melanoma, and breast cancer [ 9 , 10 , 42 , 43 ]. We did not conduct studies assessing the effects of PBNPs alone (without the laser) as we have extensively observed that the PBNPs have a negligible effect on tumor cellular viability at the concentrations used for this study [ 9 , 10 , 42 ].…”

“…However, it is important to note that the enhanced expression of these immune markers on the GBM cells would need to be verified in in vivo GBM tumors after PTT to assess the therapeutic potential of these PTT-induced molecular modulations. The success of previous combination approaches, including our own [ 9 , 40 , 43 , 59 ], in syngeneic models of neuroblastoma, melanoma, and breast cancer provide us with the compelling rationale to pursue these studies in the context of GBM.…”

“…ICD can convert an immunologically “cold” tumor to a “hot” one, where released antigens can activate an immune response against the tumor. Our group and others have previously shown that PBNP-mediated PTT can induce ICD in pediatric neuroblastoma [ 9 , 10 , 41 , 42 ], melanoma [ 43 ], and triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma preclinical models, to name a few, and is being investigated in this study as a novel treatment option for GBM. ICD is not always induced by nanoparticle-mediated PTT, but the consistency with which our lab has observed PBNP-PTT-induced ICD makes PBNPs an attractive material.…”

Design of Near-Infrared-Triggered Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based In Situ Intelligent Wound Dressings for Drug-Resistant Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT) can convert light energy into heat energy to ablate infected bacteria and cancerous tissues, especially near-infrared (NIR) light . PTT possesses many advantages, such as simple operation, as well as little injury and low complication rate. , Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can kill tumor cells by singlet reactive oxygen species (ROS). , The core of PDT and PTT is the assembly of photothermal agents (PTAs) and wound dressings.…”