Design of Near-Infrared-Triggered Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based In Situ Intelligent Wound Dressings for Drug-Resistant Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing

Abstract

Postoperative infected wound complications caused by residual tumor cells, bacterial biofilms, and drug-resistant bacteria have become the main challenge in postsurgical skin regeneration. Herein, a bionic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based in situ intelligent wound dressing with near-infrared (NIR)-, temperature-, and pH-responsive functions was designed by using NIR-responsive CNC as the network skeleton, dynamic imine bonds between dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals and doxorubicin, chitosan oligosaccharide as the pH-responsive switch, and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) as the temperature-responsive in situ formation switch. The as-prepared wound dressing with the intertwining three-dimensional (3D) network structure possessed high drug loadability of indocyanine green (30 mg/g) and doxorubicin (420 mg/g) simultaneously. The temperature-, NIR-, and pH-responsive switches endowed the wound dressing with controllable on-demand drug release behavior. In particular, the temperature switch endowed the dressing with a shape-adaptable ability on irregularly infected wounds. Interestingly, the wound dressing showed excellent antitumor activity for A375 tumor cells, antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and bacterial biofilm removal ability. Therefore, the developed wound dressing can provide an ideal synergistic treatment strategy combined with chemotherapy and photodynamic and photothermal therapy for postoperative drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing.

pH-Responsive wound dressings: advances and prospects

“…In addition, CNF NWD@ICG&DOX, which could induce photothermal therapy, exhibited high antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-tumor abilities, 105 a similar study was also carried out in their next work. 106 Shao et al successfully used BC and achieved pH-responsive, controlled release of AgNPs and AgSD. The antibacterial effect of the two BC nanofibers was demonstrated in their studies.…”

Antimicrobial Hydrogels: Potential Materials for Medical Application

“…The prepared trauma dressing with 3D entangled network structure has high drug loading capacity for not only indocyanine green (30 mg g −1 ) and adriamycin (420 mg g −1 ) at the same time, but also has good antitumor activity against A375 tumor cells, good antibacterial activity against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and also bacterial biofilm removal ability (Figure 10b). [126] Chen et al designed a biodegradable temperature-sensitive hydrogel based on a hydrogel system with special sol-gel phase transition characteristics at physiological temperature, which has a slow release effect in vitro and in vivo and can coadminister 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (DDP) to synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, inhibit local recurrence of tumors in situ and growth of abdominal metastases. It was used for intraoperative adjuvant combination chemotherapy for gastric cancer to prolong life (Figure 10a).…”

Construction of Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Gene Carriers

“…Various nanoparticles have been developed, including gold nanoparticles, [14] dendrimers, [15] silica nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles. [16] Although they have outstanding advantages in photothermal therapy, [17][18][19] drug delivery, [14,20] bioimaging, [21][22][23] and magnetic resonance imaging, [24,25] their limited biodegradability and potential side effects remain as drawbacks. Therefore, a controllable and biocompatible "core" is required.…”