Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Experimental schemes and applications

Berden, Giel; Peeters, Rudy; Meijer, Gerard

doi:10.1080/014423500750040627

Cited by 891 publications

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“…25,26 In the current study, CRDS was used to monitor electronically excited H͑n =2͒ atoms and thereby determine their column densities ͑number densities integrated along the line of sight of the laser beam͒ and, from the Stark-broadened lineshapes, the local electron densities. The source of the wavelength-tunable pulsed radiation was a dye laser ͑Spectra Physics PDL3͒ pumped by the 355-nm third harmonic of an Nd: yttrium aluminum garnet ͑YAG͒ laser ͑Continuum Surelite III͒ operating at 10-Hz repetition rate, with laser pulse durations of ϳ8 ns.…”

Section: Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption measurements employ cavity ring-down spectroscopy ͑CRDS͒. 25,26 This noninvasive, multipass laser technique allows determination of radially ͑r͒ averaged absolute H͑n =2͒ atom column densities and, from measurement of the Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ line, estimates of the local electron density, as a function of distance from the nozzle ͑z͒ and of process conditions ͑e.g., input power, gas mixing ratios, pressure͒. Aspects of the companion modeling have been reported previously, in rationalizing the measured CH and C 2 radical concentrations during diamond CVD in this same reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Rennick

Engeln

Smith

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: A combination of experiment ͓optical emission and cavity ring-down spectroscopy ͑CRDS͒ of electronically excited H atoms͔ and two-dimensional ͑2D͒ modeling has enabled a uniquely detailed characterization of the key properties of the Ar/ H 2 plasma within a ഛ10-kW, twin-nozzle dc arc jet reactor. The modeling provides a detailed description of the initial conditions in the primary torch head and of the subsequent expansion of the plasma into the lower pressure reactor chamber, where it forms a cylindrical plume of activated gas comprising mainly of Ar, Ar + , H, ArH + , and free electrons. Subsequent reactions lead to the formation of H 2 and electronically excited atoms, including H͑n =2͒ and H͑n =3͒ that radiate photons, giving the plume its characteristic intense emission. The modeling successfully reproduces the measured spatial distributions of H͑n Ͼ 1͒ atoms, and their variation with H 2 flow rate, F H 2 0 . Computed H͑n =2͒ number densities show near-quantitative agreement with CRDS measurements of H͑n =2͒ absorption via the Balmer-␤ transition, successfully capturing the observed decrease in H͑n =2͒ density with increased F H 2 0 . Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ transition depends upon the local electron density in close proximity to the H͑n =2͒ atoms. The modeling reveals that, at low F H 2 0 , the maxima in the electron and H͑n =2͒ atom distributions occur in different spatial regions of the plume; direct analysis of the Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ line would thus lead to an underestimate of the peak electron density. The present study highlights the necessity of careful interco...

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Section: Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Rennick

Engeln

Smith

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Typical empty cavity baseline absorption was 53.5 ppm with standard deviation of 0.3 ppm and fractional error of ∼0.6% which is typical for pulsed ringdown applications. 25 The photolysis excimer laser (LPX300, Lambda Physik) was operated at 193 nm, and the beam was shaped by cylindrical and spherical lenses to a rectangle 13×0.5 cm and sent through the photolysis windows into the central part of the flow cell. Background absorption of the precursors and residual water vapor were eliminated by subtraction of data points taken with the excimer laser on and off for each laser step.…”

Section: Near Ir Cavity Ringdown Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of the Ã − X̃ Electronic Transition of the CH₃C(O)O₂Radical

2003

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Cavity ringdown spectra of the near IR A 2 A − X 2 A electronic transition of acetyl peroxy radical and its perdeutero analogue are reported. The electronic origin for the CH3C(O)O2 is observed at 5582.5(5) cm −1 . Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out to predict frequencies and help assign the electronic origin, observed vibrational hot bands and severalÃ state vibrational frequencies.

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“…A few years later, the CRD technique gained popularity due to its ability of measuring absorption in real time, with highly sensitivity, using pulsed light sources [3]. Nowadays, CRD spectroscopy is widely used for chemical and molecular analysis in real time [4]. This technology quickly gave rise to the development of fiber optic-based CRD schemes, where a fiber loop is used as resonant cavity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber cavity ring down and gain amplification effect

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The effect of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) placed inside the fiber ring of a cavity ring down (CRD) configuration is studied. The limitations and advantages of this configuration are discussed, and the study of the ring-down time as a function of the current applied and gain to the EDFA is also presented. In this case, the power fluctuations in the output signal are strongly dependent on the cavity ring-down time with the EDFA gain.

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Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Experimental schemes and applications

Cited by 891 publications

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Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of the Ã − X̃ Electronic Transition of the CH₃C(O)O₂Radical

Fiber cavity ring down and gain amplification effect

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Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Experimental schemes and applications

Cited by 891 publications

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Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of the Ã − X̃ Electronic Transition of the CH3C(O)O2Radical

Fiber cavity ring down and gain amplification effect

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Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of the Ã − X̃ Electronic Transition of the CH₃C(O)O₂Radical