Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals

Albert, Magnus; Dantan, Aurélien; Drewsen, Michael

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2011.214

Cited by 126 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Ty, 37.10.Vz, 64.70.kp, 36.40.Ei When an ensemble of confined ions with the same sign of charge is cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, the ionic system forms a crystalline structure [1], often referred to as an ion Coulomb crystal. Since the first experimental realizations of ion Coulomb crystals through laser cooling of atomic ions into the milli-Kelvin regime in electromagnetic traps [2,3], there has been growing theoretical [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and experimental [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] interest in studying the structural and dynamic properties of these crystals under different trapping conditions and for various ion compositions.The unique localization and isolation of the individual ions constituting the crystals have already led to a large number of amazing results within precision measurements [25], cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) [26][27][28][29][30], quantum information science [31][32][33][34][35], and cold molecular science [36][37][38][39]. For experiments involving larger three-dimensional ion Coulomb crystals, such as CQED related experiments [26,27] with the interesting prospect of creating quantum memories and other quantum devices, ...…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For experiments involving larger three-dimensional ion Coulomb crystals, such as CQED related experiments [26,27] with the interesting prospect of creating quantum memories and other quantum devices, full structural control of the crystal structures is still in need for optimizing the coupling between the ions and the cavity modes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique localization and isolation of the individual ions constituting the crystals have already led to a large number of amazing results within precision measurements [25], cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) [26][27][28][29][30], quantum information science [31][32][33][34][35], and cold molecular science [36][37][38][39]. For experiments involving larger three-dimensional ion Coulomb crystals, such as CQED related experiments [26,27] with the interesting prospect of creating quantum memories and other quantum devices, full structural control of the crystal structures is still in need for optimizing the coupling between the ions and the cavity modes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For medium sized crystals often employed in experiments [26,27] (∼ 10 3 − 10 5 ions), the structure is generally not very stable, and thermally induced transitions between a large variety of states including metastable bcc and fcc structures and incommensurable crystallite formations can be observed [40,41]. While structural stability can be dramatically increased using two-species crystals [21,23], means to control and manipulate the structures of single-species crystals are highly wanted, not only for applications in quantum information science, but also for exploiting Coulomb crystals as simulators of solid state physics, like structural transitions of iron under extreme pressure [42] of relevance for geophysics and thin-film growth [43] of importance for nanotechnology.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In order to freely adjust the standing wave period for a given near resonant laser frequency, the crystal can be trapped in the region where two beams of a bow tie ring cavity cross [50]. Alternatively, a practically simpler solution may be to employ a linear optical cavity along the rf field free axis of a linear rf trap, as in recent experiments [26,27], and tune the ion density such that the periodicity of the relevant lattice planes of the fcc and bcc structures becomes an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the light field. We have checked by MD simulations that the transfer works as well in this scenario.…”

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Optically induced structural phase transitions in ion Coulomb crystals

2012

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We investigate numerically the structural dynamics of ion Coulomb crystals confined in a threedimensional harmonic trap when influenced by an additional one-dimensional optically induced periodical potential. We demonstrate that transitions between thermally excited crystal structures, such as body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic, can be suppressed by a proper choice of the potential depth and periodicity. Furthermore, by varying the harmonic trap parameters and/or the optical potential in time, controlled transitions between crystal structures can be obtained with close to unit efficiency.PACS numbers: 37.10. Ty, 37.10.Vz, 64.70.kp, 36.40.Ei When an ensemble of confined ions with the same sign of charge is cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, the ionic system forms a crystalline structure [1], often referred to as an ion Coulomb crystal. Since the first experimental realizations of ion Coulomb crystals through laser cooling of atomic ions into the milli-Kelvin regime in electromagnetic traps [2,3], there has been growing theoretical [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and experimental [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] interest in studying the structural and dynamic properties of these crystals under different trapping conditions and for various ion compositions.The unique localization and isolation of the individual ions constituting the crystals have already led to a large number of amazing results within precision measurements [25], cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) [26][27][28][29][30], quantum information science [31][32][33][34][35], and cold molecular science [36][37][38][39]. For experiments involving larger three-dimensional ion Coulomb crystals, such as CQED related experiments [26,27] with the interesting prospect of creating quantum memories and other quantum devices, full structural control of the crystal structures is still in need for optimizing the coupling between the ions and the cavity modes.While the energetic ground state of very large threedimensional Coulomb crystals ( > ∼ 10 5 ions) in a harmonic confinement is known to be a body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice [1], the energetically most favorable configuration for smaller crystals ( < ∼ 10 3 ions) is ions situated in concentric shells [5]. For medium sized crystals often employed in experiments [26, 27] (∼ 10 3 − 10 5 ions), the structure is generally not very stable, and thermally induced transitions between a large variety of states including metastable bcc and fcc structures and incommensurable crystallite formations can be observed [40,41]. While structural stability can be dramatically increased using two-species crystals [21,23], means to control and manipulate the structures of single-species crystals are highly wanted, not only for applications in quantum information science, but also for exploiting Coulomb crys- In this Letter, we report on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of harmonically trapped ion Coulomb crystals in the presence of an additional periodically corrugated potential in the form of a...

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Optically induced structural phase transitions in ion Coulomb crystals

2012

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Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap

2021

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scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), [5,6] atomic force microscopy (AFM), [7] and other techniques allowing resolution to be reduced to the atomic scale can help realize atomic-scale world exploration. This is the starting point of the nanotechnology era; since its inception, this technology has changed the nature of almost every human-made object. Six decades after Richard Feynman's lecture, we find that there is still plenty of room at the bottom, through the incorporation of nanophotonics. [8] To elucidate: quantum plasmonics has emerged as an attractive research field in new nanophotonics; research is underway to reveal and accurately describe the quantum nature of electrons at the bottom of extremely confined nano-or sub-nanometer scale materials, using light. [9,10] By exploring the quantum mechanical interactions of matter with light (in particular, using the coherent interactions between the plasmonic cavity and the material), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] these efforts seek to establish new frontiers in information processing technology and to satisfy the everincreasing requirements for speed and capacity in quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum metrology. They might also suggest research fields beyond this, involving the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and the extreme limits of the light-matter interaction. These advantages may help solve some fundamental problems of electronics, such as those of bandwidth, frequency, and energy consumption. [19] In this review, we describe recent developments in the research of exotic materials capable of mediating quantum plasmonics and inducing quantum energy transport. We briefly provide classical and quantum descriptions of matter, from the bulk, nano, and cluster scales down to atomic matter, exploring the band structures via their optical responses. By considering a single nanoplasmonic material, we describe the theoretical and experimental findings pertaining to assembled nanoplasmonic structures, in the context of the plasmonic gap distance and the type of advanced functional material. The plasmonic gap herein refers to a nanometer or sub-nanometer gap that transports (couples, tunnels, exchanges, confines) electromagnetic energy between plasmonic resonators. Advanced functional materials within an extremely confined metallic resonator are described; these include air/vacuum, aliphatic and conjugated molecules, 2D materials, organic and inorganic materials with At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and ca...

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Full characterization of the quantum linear‐zigzag transition in atomic chains

et al. 2013

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A string of repulsively interacting particles exhibits a phase transition to a zigzag structure, by reducing the transverse trap potential or the interparticle distance. Based on the emergent symmetry Z 2 it has been argued that this instability is a quantum phase transition, which can be mapped to an Ising model in transverse field. An extensive Density Matrix Renormalization Group analysis is performed, resulting in an high-precision evaluation of the critical exponents and of the central charge of the system, confirming that the quantum linear-zigzag transition belongs to the critical Ising model universality class. Quantum corrections to the classical phase diagram are computed, and the range of experimental parameters where quantum effects play a role is provided. These results show that structural instabilities of one-dimensional interacting atomic arrays can simulate quantum critical phenomena typical of ferromagnetic systems.Quantum field theories full characterisation heavily depends on simulation methods as they are in general not exactly analytically solvable [1]. One prominent example is provided by the φ 4 type of models [2][3][4][5], which are encountered in solid state and high-energy models and whose predictions need verification [6,7]. These verifications have been partly performed via classical simulations [8][9][10], however it would also be desirable to have a controllable quantum system whose dynamics reproduces that of the model of interest, that is a quantum simulator [11][12][13][14][15][16]. The zigzag instability of interacting atomic chains is a realization of φ 4 model which can be realized in laboratory [17][18][19][20]. This transition is sketched in Fig. 1 and has been observed in systems of singly-charged ions confined by external potentials, where the instability is controlled either by lowering the transverse potential or the linear density [21,22]. Due to its universal properties, it can be observed in arrays of other repulsively interacting (quasi) particles [23,24], such as electrons in quantum wires [25], ultracold gases in optical lattices mutually repelling via the dipolar interaction [26,27] or via the off-resonant coupling with a Rydberg excitation [28], or vortices in quantum gases [29]. In these systems ultralow temperatures are typically achieved, so that quantum effects at criticality are dominant. Motivated by the emergent Z 2 symmetry and previous numerical investigations, it has been argued that the linear-zigzag structural instability is a quantum phase transition [23,25], which in 1 + 1 dimensions can be mapped to a Ising model in the transverse field, describing a ferromagnetic transition at zero temperature [7]. However, a mathematical proof or a conclusive numerical evidence of this statement is still unavailable, and thus a precise numerical verification is needed. Indeed ab-initio calculations are essential to

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Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals

Cited by 126 publications

References 37 publications

Optically induced structural phase transitions in ion Coulomb crystals

Optically induced structural phase transitions in ion Coulomb crystals

Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap

Full characterization of the quantum linear‐zigzag transition in atomic chains

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