Cavitary Disease and Quantitative Sputum Bacillary Load in Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Palaci, Moisés; Dietze, Reynaldo; Hadad, David Jamil; Ribeiro, Fabíola Karla; Peres, Renata Lyrio; Vinhas, Solange Alves; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Nóia; Dettoni, Valdério do Valle; Horter, Libby; Boom, W. Henry; Johnson, John L.; Eisenach, Kathleen D.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01780-07

Cited by 147 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, of the 125 TB-infected guinea pigs for which TB drug susceptibility and spoligotype results were available, 98% were matched to the drug susceptibility and spoligotype patterns of TB from one single HIV-infected patient. TB infectiousness varies widely between different TB-HIVcoinfected patients and is correlated with proven determinants of TB transmission, such as sputum smear positivity, lung cavi- tation, laryngeal TB, cough frequency, and sputum volume and consistency (86,87,92,165,206). HIV can affect TB transmission dynamics by altering the traditional determinants of TB transmission.…”

Section: With or Without Hiv Tb Infectiousness Is Highly Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have had deadly consequences around the world. Without adequate control of the TB-HIV syndemic, the long-term TB elimination target set for 2050 will not be reached. There is an urgent need for additional resources and novel approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both HIV and TB. Moreover, multidisciplinary approaches that consider HIV and TB together, rather than as separate problems and diseases, will be necessary to prevent further worsening of the HIV-TB syndemic. This review examines current knowledge of the state and impact of the HIV-TB syndemic and reviews the epidemiological, clinical, cellular, and molecular interactions between HIV and TB.

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Section: With or Without Hiv Tb Infectiousness Is Highly Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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“…1). Patients harboring radiologically apparent cavitary lesions are more likely to have burdens of M. tuberculosis in their ex-pectorated sputum and to transmit TB than those that do not have as advanced lesions (Palaci et al 2007). Individual cavitary lesions may contain 10 7 -10 9 bacilli (Canetti 1965).…”

Section: Cavitary Granulomas As Vehicles For Tb Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity and Immunopathology in the Tuberculous Granuloma

Pagán

Ramakrishnan

2014

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

127

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“…Mean detection time of positive cultures using the Bactec 460 method was evaluated in the two groups. (25) The authors observed that patients with cavitary disease presented a greater number of CFU and lower mean detection time than did those without cavitary disease. Our findings support the hypothesis that higher bacterial loads in index cases translate to greater risk of the contacts becoming infected with M. tuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comunicantes domiciliares jovens de pacientes com TB pulmonar na região da grande Vitória (ES): um estudo de coorte

et al. 2009

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Objective: To compare clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects of household contacts, aged 15 or younger, of patients presenting a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: This was a cohort study comparing children and adolescents (≤ 15 years of age) who were household contacts of TB cases presenting positive sputum smear and positive culture results (exposed group, n = 100) or negative sputum smear and positive culture results (unexposed group, n = 55). All of the contacts were evaluated via the TB control program of a university hospital in the city of Vitória, Brazil, between July of 2003 and December of 2006. Results: Of the 155 minors evaluated, 87 (56.1%) were female and 68 (43.9%) were male. Of those 155, 28 (18%) were aged 5 or younger, 62 (40%) were aged 5-9, and 65 (42%) were aged 10-15. Symptoms of the disease were found in 17 (17%) of the 100 contacts in the exposed group and in 9 (16%) of the 55 in the unexposed group (p = 0.86). Chest X-rays showed alterations in 20 (21%) and 2 (4%) of the contacts in the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively (RR = 6.9; p = 0.004). In the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively, 35 (38%) and 10 (18%) of the contacts presented positive results on the tuberculin skin test (RR = 2.8; p = 0.01). Of the 100 contacts in the exposed group, 5 (5%) were diagnosed with TB, which was not diagnosed in any of those in the unexposed group (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Although no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the incidence of TB, it is of note that there is a greater risk of becoming infected with M. tuberculosis if the bacterial load of the index case is high.Keywords: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, pulmonary; Child; Adolescent. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar aspectos clínicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais de contatos domiciliares, menores de 15 anos, de pacientes com cultura positiva para Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte comparando crianças e adolescentes (≤ 15 anos) que eram contatos domiciliares de casos de TB com baciloscopia e cultura positiva (grupo exposto, n = 100) ou com baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva (grupo não-exposto, n = 55). Todos os contatos foram avaliados no período de julho de 2003 a dezembro de 2006, no programa de controle da TB de um hospital universitário na cidade de Vitória (ES). Resultados: Das 155 contatos avaliados, 87 (56,1%) eram do sexo feminino e 68 (43,9%) do masculino. Do total, 28 (18%) eram menores de 5 anos; 62 (40%), entre 5-9 anos; e 65 (42%), entre 10-15 anos. Foi detectada a presença de sintomas de TB em 17 (17%) dos 100 contatos no grupo exposto e em 9 (16%) dos 55 no grupo não-exposto (p = 0,86). A radiografia de tórax apresentou alterações em 20 (21%) e 2 (4%) dos contatos nos grupos exposto e não-exposto, respectivamente (RR = 6,9; p = 0,004). Nos grupos exposto e não-exposto, respectivamente, 35 (38%) e 10 (18%) dos contatos apresentaram prova tuberculínica positiva (RR = 2,8; p = 0,01). No total, 5 co...

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Cavitary Disease and Quantitative Sputum Bacillary Load in Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Cited by 147 publications

References 11 publications

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

Immunity and Immunopathology in the Tuberculous Granuloma

Comunicantes domiciliares jovens de pacientes com TB pulmonar na região da grande Vitória (ES): um estudo de coorte

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