Causes of the Species-Area Relation: A Study of Islands in Lake Manapouri, New Zealand

Kelly, Brett; Wilson, J. Bastow; Mark, A. F.

doi:10.2307/2260820

Cited by 82 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because of differences in the soil depth between the limestone and non-limestone forests, two different methods were applied in order to identify these forests' respective soil depths. At the limestone site, the soil depth was measured by a steel probe (Kelly et al 1989) in two meter intervals at ten points in a transect/strip 2x20 m of each sample plot 20x20 m; the mean soil depth was calculated from the achieved values. At the non-limestone site, nine soil profiles were dug in nine sample plots to determine the soil depth; the mean soil depth value was calculated from these profiles.…”

Section: ＋mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Mitlöhner²,

Bich³

et al. 2015

Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ≥10 cm, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ≥10 cm DBH were collected from eighteen 400 m 2 sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ≤5 cm DBH) was counted in fifty 2x20 m strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.

show abstract

Section: ＋mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Mitlöhner²,

Bich³

et al. 2015

Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is the preferred way of estimating the number of species on islands when testing the species-area models (Kelly et al, 1989;Tangney, Wilson & Mark, 1990;Holt, 1992Holt, , 1993Hill, Curran & Foody, 1994;Kohn & Walsh, 1994). If the species-area equilibrium theory model fits the data, a given standard area should have more species on a large island than on a small island (Kohn & Walsh, 1994;Rosenzweig, 1995).…”

Section: General Sampling Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now more or less accepted that the area of the islands per se does not explain all the variation in species number. Thus elevation, number of soil types, substrate types, plant species richness, number of habitats, habitat diversity, structure and heterogeneity have frequently been used to explain the species area curve (see Hamilton et al, 1963;Weissman & Rentz, 1976;Williamson, 1981;Buckley, 1985;Deshaye & Morisset, 1988;Rydin & Borgegard, 1988;Kelly, Wilson & Mark, 1989;Hart & Horwitz, 1991;Becker, 1992). In fact, many factors which could affect either immigration and extinction were not included in the original equilibrium model of MacArthur & Wilson (1963.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of island geological age on the arthropod species richness of Azorean pastures

Borges

Brown

1999

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Species richness of six pasture arthropod assemblages (total arthropod species, total herbivore species, sucking and chewing herbivores, total predatory species and spiders) were regressed against several geographical variables (area, distance from the nearest mainland, maximum elevation and geological age of the islands) of three Azorean islands (S. Maria, Terceira and Pico). The species were sampled by the fixed-quadrat size sampling method and the results obtained are consistent with the geological age hypothesis, i.e. the species richness of the six indigenous arthropod assemblages increases with the geological age of the islands, both at local and regional scales. Higher values of indigenous and endemic species richness were consistently found on the older island (S. Maria), and the lowest values on the most recent island (Pico). Moreover, when considering the age of Faial (an older island probably once connected with Pico) as a estimate of the age of Pico, correlations between species richness and island age were improved, thereby strengthening the relationship. The older island (S. Maria) has more specialized herbivores and a greater proportion of herbivores in relation to predatory arthropods. Ecological and biogeographical studies in the Azores should take into account the effects of the time each island has been available for colonization and evolution.

show abstract

“…They are a fundamental component of conservation biology and are frequently used to formulate recommendations about species preservation and to predict extinction rates caused by habitat destruction (Diamond 1975;Schafer 1990;Pimm et al 1995). Despite widespread attention from field ecologists and mathematical biologists, species-area analysis is largely empirical: the theoretical basis of the species-area curve is not well understood (Simberloff 1976;Angermeier & Schlosser 1989;Kelly et al 1989;Kohn & Walsh 1994;Hubbell 1995, in press). Even the empirical form of species-area and speciesindividual relationships is debated at length (Connor & McCoy 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Area and Species-Individual Relationships for Tropical Trees: A Comparison of Three 50-ha Plots

Condit¹,

Hubbell²,

LaFrankie³

et al. 1996

The Journal of Ecology

440

319

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. A total of 610000 stems were identified to species and mapped to < 1 m accuracy. Mean species number and stem number were calculated in quadrats as small as 5 m x 5 m to as large as 1000 m x 500 m, for a variety of stem sizes above 10 mm in diameter. Species-area curves were generated by plotting species number as a function of quadrat size; species-individual curves were generated from the same data, but using stem number as the independent variable rather than area. 2 Species-area curves had different forms for stems of different diameters, but species-individual curves were nearly independent of diameter class. With < 104 stems, species-individual curves were concave downward on log-log plots, with curves from different forests diverging, but beyond about 104 stems, the log-log curves became nearly linear, with all three sites having a similar slope. This indicates an asymptotic difference in richness between forests: the Malaysian site had 2.7 times as many species as Panama, which in turn was 3.3 times as rich as India. 3 Other details of the species-accumulation relationship were remarkably similar between the three sites. Rectangular quadrats had 5-27% more species than square quadrats of the same area, with longer and narrower quadrats increasingly diverse. Random samples of stems drawn from the entire 50 ha had 10-30% more species than square quadrats with the same number of stems. At both Pasoh and BCI, but not Mudumalai, species richness was slightly higher among intermediate-sized stems (50-100 mm in diameter) than in either smaller or larger sizes. These patterns reflect aggregated distributions of individual species, plus weak density-dependent forces that tend to smooth the species abundance distribution and 'loosen' aggregations as stems grow. 4 The results provide support for the view that within each tree community, many species have their abundance and distribution guided more by random drift than deterministic interactions. The drift model predicts that the species-accumulation curve will have a declining slope on a log-log plot, reaching a slope of 0.1 in about 50 ha. No other model of community structure can make such a precise prediction. 5 The results demonstrate that diversity studies based on different stem diameters can be compared by sampling identical numbers of stems. Moreover, they indicate that stem counts < 1000 in tropical forests will underestimate the percentage difference in species richness between two diverse sites. Fortunately, standard diversity indices (Fisher's oc, Shannon-Wiener) captured diversity differences in small stem samples more effectively than raw species richness, but both were sample size dependent. Two nonparametric richne...

show abstract

Causes of the Species-Area Relation: A Study of Islands in Lake Manapouri, New Zealand

Cited by 82 publications

References 18 publications

Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam

Environmental Factors Affecting the Abundance and Presence of Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Limestone and Non-limestone Forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam

Effect of island geological age on the arthropod species richness of Azorean pastures

Species-Area and Species-Individual Relationships for Tropical Trees: A Comparison of Three 50-ha Plots

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About