Causes of Domestic Terrorism: Economic Sanctions as a Violence Trigger Structure

Choi, Seung-Whan

doi:10.14731/kjis.2014.06.12.1.137

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, terrorism equally thrives in conflict-prone environment. This outcome has been empirically validated by studies such as Choi and Salehyan (2013); Krieger and Meierrieks (2011);Choi (2014) and . The physical integrity rights are also a significant positive predictor of terrorism, occurring at the peak of statistical significance across the model specifications.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Inflation, inflation volatility and terrorism in Africa

Ajide

Alimi

2021

Int. J Fin Econ

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Can inflation or inflation volatility incites terrorism? This question is salient as there is a latent belief that both can actually produce hardships for people, making them to be economically deprived and aggrieved, thereby reducing their opportunity costs of rebellion against the incumbent government. This study answers the above raised question using a negative binomial regression on 38 African economies over the period 1980-2012, in which the following findings are established. Inflation volatility and not inflation per se constitutes a significant predictor of terrorism, particularly, for the domestic terrorist activity over the period of coverage. The prevailing impacts of other confounding variables such as surface areas, ethnicity, physical integrity rights, as well as the lagged value of terrorism are consistently notable across the model specifications. Thus, the paper argues that the non-statistical significance of inflation does not render it less important as it offers the enabling condition that makes inflation volatility to thrive.

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Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Inflation, inflation volatility and terrorism in Africa

Ajide

Alimi

2021

Int. J Fin Econ

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“…Terrorist groups find this strategy useful against targets both hard (Piazza 2020) and soft, especially when perpetrated by women (Alakoc 2020). It is possible that sanctions place a burden on the poor (Choi 2014, Choi andLuo 2013) relative to elites and those who can more easily pivot to other economic opportunities (Shin 2016), which leads to the most desperate and lethal, if not always successful, methods available to terrorists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on the work of Andreas (2005), Heffington (2017) argues that sanctions enhance terrorist operations by increasing access to black-market weapons. Both Choi and Luo (2013) and Choi (2014) argue that economic hardship in target states resulting from sanctions increases grievances among the poor, increasing the probability that some of them will support or engage in terrorism. In sum, there is ample empirical evidence suggesting that while economic sanctions may be intended to punish a country's leadership, a substantial portion of their impact will be felt by regular citizens, some of whom will become more likely to increase terrorist efforts.…”

Section: Terrorism From Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctioned terror: economic sanctions and more effective terrorism

Altmann

Giersch

2021

Int Polit

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The literature on unintended consequences of economic sanctions is well developed, but few studies have addressed terrorism in target states, and none have assessed whether that terrorism becomes more effective when sanctions are in place. In this study, we test whether economic sanctions lead to an increase in the lethality of terrorism. Using data from multiple sources, we find that while sanctions are unrelated to the rate of success of terrorist attacks, they are positively associated with the number of fatalities resulting from terrorist attacks. These findings further the need for policymakers to consider the consequences sanctions have on the target country populace.

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“…Abadie (2004) employing data from the Global Terrorism Index revealed that terrorist risk is not significantly higher for poorer countries once the effects of other country-specific characteristics such as political freedom are considered. Choi (2014) examined whether the imposition of economic sanctions have relation to an increase in domestic terrorism with the postulation that when sanctions impair the economic functioning of the target country, feelings of bitterness and despair are intensified among the poor who may lash out by turning to domestic terrorism. Employing data for 152 countries over three decades, evidence shows that economic sanctions are positively associated with domestic terrorism.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and terrorism in Africa: Understanding the nexus based on existing levels of terrorism

Iheonu

Ichoku

2021

Poverty & Public Policy

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Prevailing literature recognizes that poverty may not act as a significant factor that spurs the level of terrorist activities. However, literature on the relationship between poverty and terrorism in Africa remains sparse. This study, therefore, investigates the influence of poverty on terrorism in 26 African countries from 2000 to 2017 in a panel data environment. Findings from the two-stage least square regression, with standard errors which are heteroskedastic and autocorrelation consistent, show that poverty significantly raises the level of terrorism incidents. However, after accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that the positive relationship between poverty and terrorism becomes insignificant. Further findings employing the instrumental variable quantile regression with fixed effects show that the existing levels of terrorism incidents matter for the impact of poverty on terrorism incidents. The result shows that the impact of poverty on terrorism is only significant at the median. Furthermore, economic growth, political stability, income inequality, and unemployment matter for terrorism in Africa. The study highlights that poverty is not a determining factor for terrorism in Africa when compared to economic growth, political stability, and unemployment. Recommendations are such that inclusive growth, political stability, and unemployment reduction should be prioritized in Africa.

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Causes of Domestic Terrorism: Economic Sanctions as a Violence Trigger Structure

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Inflation, inflation volatility and terrorism in Africa

Inflation, inflation volatility and terrorism in Africa

Sanctioned terror: economic sanctions and more effective terrorism

Poverty and terrorism in Africa: Understanding the nexus based on existing levels of terrorism

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