Causes and consequences of variation in development time in a field cricket

Gershman, Susan N.; Miller, Owen G.; Hamilton, Ian M.

doi:10.1111/jeb.13971

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Context-specific effects on body size and metabolism are becoming well-documented both during ontogeny and across populations. For example, better resource conditions during ontogeny can be associated with larger adult body size, higher energy content, and greater expression of sexually selected traits ( Glass and Stahlschmidt 2019 ; Gershman et al 2022 ; Xu and Fincke 2022 ), suggestive of patterns similar to those observed across species. As an example of context-specific variation in the evolution of body size and metabolic scaling, Moffett et al ( Moffett et al 2022 ) has examined how metabolic scaling differs in populations that have recently invaded different thermal environments.…”

Section: The Logical Framing Of Causal Hypotheses For Metabolic Scalingmentioning

confidence: 72%

White Paper: An Integrated Perspective on the Causes of Hypometric Metabolic Scaling in Animals

Harrison

Biewener

Bernhardt

et al. 2022

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Larger animals studied during ontogeny, across populations, or across species, usually have lower mass-specific metabolic rates than smaller animals (hypometric scaling). This pattern is usually observed regardless of physiological state (e.g. basal, resting, field, maximally-active). The scaling of metabolism is usually highly correlated with the scaling of many life history traits, behaviors, physiological variables, and cellular/molecular properties, making determination of the causation of this pattern challenging. For across-species comparisons of resting and locomoting animals (but less so for across populations or during ontogeny), the mechanisms at the physiological and cellular level are becoming clear. Lower mass-specific metabolic rates of larger species at rest are due to a) lower contents of expensive tissues (brains, liver, kidneys), and b) slower ion leak across membranes at least partially due to membrane composition, with lower ion pump ATPase activities. Lower mass-specific costs of larger species during locomotion are due to lower costs for lower-frequency muscle activity, with slower myosin and Ca++ ATPase activities, and likely more elastic energy storage. The evolutionary explanation(s) for hypometric scaling remain(s) highly controversial. One subset of evolutionary hypotheses relies on constraints on larger animals due to changes in geometry with size; for example, lower surface-to-volume ratios of exchange surfaces may constrain nutrient or heat exchange, or lower cross-sectional areas of muscles and tendons relative to body mass ratios would make larger animals more fragile without compensation. Another subset of hypotheses suggests that hypometric scaling arises from biotic interactions and correlated selection, with larger animals experiencing less selection for mass-specific growth or neurolocomotor performance. A additional third type of explanation comes from population genetics. Larger animals with their lower effective population sizes and subsequent less effective selection relative to drift may have more deleterious mutations, reducing maximal performance and metabolic rates. Resolving the evolutionary explanation for the hypometric scaling of metabolism and associated variables is a major challenge for organismal and evolutionary biology. To aid progress, we identify some variation in terminology use that has impeded cross-field conversations on scaling. We also suggest that promising directions for the field to move forward include: 1) studies examining the linkages between ontogenetic, population-level, and cross-species allometries, 2) studies linking scaling to ecological or phylogenetic context, 3) studies that consider multiple, possibly interacting hypotheses, and 4) obtaining better field data for metabolic rates and the life history correlates of metabolic rate such as lifespan, growth rate and reproduction.

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Section: The Logical Framing Of Causal Hypotheses For Metabolic Scalingmentioning

confidence: 72%

White Paper: An Integrated Perspective on the Causes of Hypometric Metabolic Scaling in Animals

Harrison

Biewener

Bernhardt

et al. 2022

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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“…A large body size is often related to higher fitness (Goldsmith & Alcock, 1993; Kingsolver & Pfennig, 2004; Peters, 1986) and can be attained by increasing growth rate or prolonging development time. Alternatively, a short development time can be selected for (Sibly & Calow, 1986), as it decreases the risk of death before reproduction (Brown & Sibly, 2006; Gershman et al, 2022), causing a trade‐off between fast development and large size. This trade‐off between body size and development time can be partially regulated by increasing growth rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal plasticity in development and diapause strategy in a temperate butterfly across a latitudinal gradient

Verspagen,

Ikonen,

Maes

et al. 2023

Functional Ecology

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Trade‐offs among traits are central to life‐history theory and often closely linked to an organism's fitness. Understanding how these trade‐offs vary among populations and across environments is therefore important to more accurately predict species' responses to future climate change. However, the extent to which responses vary across populations remains unknown because few studies investigate intraspecific differences. We performed a full‐factorial split‐brood common garden experiment to test how variation in rearing temperature affects developmental timing and other traits important for survival during diapause in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Pre‐diapause larvae originating from four regions across a latitudinal cline across Europe were reared at four temperatures (25, 28, 31 and 34°C), and we used a reaction norm approach to test for evidence of genetic differentiation and variation in developmental plasticity across regions. We found clear signs of genetic differentiation in multiple developmental traits, as well as differences in developmental plasticity. Northern larvae entered diapause in the fourth instar when the temperatures were low, whereas southern larvae did so in the fifth instar. As a result, development time is canalized with regards to temperature in northern larvae: due to entering diapause one stage earlier, they develop fast even in the cold, whereas southern larvae always develop slower, especially at low temperatures. As a trade‐off, northern larvae have a lower body mass when reared at cooler temperatures compared to southern larvae, and they show increased plasticity in diapause mass. No clear clinal patterns were found in relative fat content. Our results show that trade‐offs between body size, development time and growth rate can vary within species living across environmental clines, possibly as a consequence of natural selection to local environmental conditions or other genetic constraints. This variation highlights the importance of recognizing the context dependency of relationships between important life‐history traits and their interactions with local environments in predicting species' responses to climate change. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Effect of parental age on developmental rate polymorphism of the ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta

Gupta,

Yadav,

Mishra

et al. 2024

acta ethol

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Causes and consequences of variation in development time in a field cricket

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

White Paper: An Integrated Perspective on the Causes of Hypometric Metabolic Scaling in Animals

White Paper: An Integrated Perspective on the Causes of Hypometric Metabolic Scaling in Animals

Thermal plasticity in development and diapause strategy in a temperate butterfly across a latitudinal gradient

Effect of parental age on developmental rate polymorphism of the ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta

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