“'Cause You Can't Play This by Yourself”: Athletes' Perceptions of Team Influence on Their Precompetitive Psychological States

Wolf, Svenja; Harenberg, Sebastian; Tamminen, Katherine A.; Schmitz, Hanna

doi:10.1080/10413200.2017.1347965

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…First, results pertaining to players' emotions add to an extensive body of research on affective linkage (for a review, see Elfenbein, 2014). Our finding that coaches' expressions of happiness and anger predict players' experiences of happiness and anger extends previous work on affective linkage in sports teams (Totterdell, 2000;Wolf et al, 2018) by shifting the focus to the role of coaches' discrete emotional expressions. Although our designs do not allow for definitive conclusions regarding directionality and causality, our results are consistent with findings from experimental work in the related fields of team decision making (e.g., Barsade, 2002;Heerdink et al, 2013) and leadership (e.g., Sy et al, 2005;Van Kleef et al, 2009).…”

Section: Theoretical and Practical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The idea that emotional expressions can shape athletes' affect, cognition, and behavior is also supported by empirical evidence. First, some studies indicate that emotions can be transferred and become shared among teammates (Tamminen & Crocker, 2013;Totterdell, 2000;Wolf, Harenberg, Tamminen, & Schmitz, 2018). Second, players' nonverbal (and in some cases emotional) expressions have been found to predict observers' inferences regarding aspects of the match (e.g., current score, Furley & Schweizer, 2014a, 2014b; opponent performance, Buscombe, Greenlees, Holder, Thelwell, & Rimmer, 2006;game strategy, Cheshin, Heerdink, Kossakowski, & Van Kleef, 2016), their outcome expectancies (e.g., winning confidence, Buscombe et al, 2006, Furley & Schweizer, 2014acollective efficacy, Fransen et al, 2012), and attributes of others (e.g., extent and motives of emotion regulation, Kalokerinos, Greenaway, Pedder, & Margetts, 2014; affective states and behavioral intentions, Friesen, Davonport et al, 2013a;team values, Tamminen et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Interpersonal Effects Of Emotional Expressions In Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional games: How coaches' emotional expressions shape players' emotions, inferences, and team performance

Kleef¹,

Cheshin

Koning³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Sports games are inherently emotional situations. Although a plethora of research has investigated how athletes' emotions influence their own performance, scant attention has been paid to how one person's emotional expressions influence others in the sports context. In particular, it remains unclear whether and how sports coaches' emotional expressions influence players. Drawing on emotions as social information (EASI) theory, we examined how coaches' emotional expressions influence players' affect, cognition, and behavior. Design: We conducted two multi-level, multi-source field studies of sports coaches and players engaged in competitive team sports. Study 1 had a cross-sectional research design, and Study 2 had a cross-lagged design involving three measurement points (before, during, and after the game). Method: Study 1 was set in the context of baseball/softball, and study 2 in the context of soccer. In both studies, coaches reported on their emotional expressions, players reported on their experienced emotions and inferences regarding team performance, and the team's actual performance was recorded. Results: Coaches' expressions of happiness and anger predicted (1) players' experiences of happiness and anger, (2) players' inferences about the quality of their performance, and (3) objective team performance outcomes. Regarding team performance, results indicated that coaches' expressions of happiness were conducive to team performance, whereas expressions of anger were not. Conclusions: The current results provide first-time quantitative evidence for the beneficial effects of coaches' positive emotional expressions on sports performance. The findings support key tenets of EASI theory and have implications for the broader literature on coaching and leadership.

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Section: Theoretical and Practical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Interpersonal Effects Of Emotional Expressions In Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional games: How coaches' emotional expressions shape players' emotions, inferences, and team performance

Kleef¹,

Cheshin

Koning³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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“…Likewise, the ego climate is positively related with emotional intelligence in individual sports. It becomes clear that athletes with better emotional abilities are able to orient themselves towards tasks, focusing on achieving internal rewards, thereby increasing extrinsic motivation [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. This is due to the fact that athletes with higher emotional intelligence are able to focus on the process, giving priority to effort and personal self-improvement, which are more realistic and satisfactory goals than extrinsic ones [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations

Castro-Sánchez

Zurita-Ortega

Cuberos

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Psychological factors can strongly affect the athletes’ performance. Therefore, currently the role of the sports psychologist is particularly relevant, being in charge of training the athlete’s psychological factors. This study aims at analysing the connections between motivational climate in sport, anxiety and emotional intelligence depending on the type of sport practised (individual/team) by means of a multigroup structural equations analysis. (2) 372 semi-professional Spanish athletes took part in this investigation, analysing motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), emotional intelligence (SSRI) and levels of anxiety (STAI). A model of multigroup structural equations was carried out which fitted accordingly (χ2 = 586.77; df = 6.37; p < 0.001; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.951; Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.938; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.947; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.069). (3) Results: A negative and direct connection has been found between ego oriented climate and task oriented climate, which is stronger and more differentiated in team sports. The most influential indicator in ego oriented climate is intra-group rivalry, exerting greater influence in individual sports. For task-oriented climate the strongest indicator is having an important role in individual sports, while in team sports it is cooperative learning. Emotional intelligence dimensions correlate more strongly in team sports than in individual sports. In addition, there was a negative and indirect relation between task oriented climate and trait-anxiety in both categories of sports. (4) Conclusions: This study shows how the task-oriented motivational climate or certain levels of emotional intelligence can act preventively in the face of anxiety states in athletes. Therefore, the development of these psychological factors could prevent anxiety states and improve performance in athletes.

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“…First, participants described that relationships built on trust, respect, and shared expectations, would generate a willingness to 'put their body on the line' for another player. Given the physical and attritional nature of a sport such as rugby union (see, e.g., Williams et al, 2017) and the intertwinned nature of players operating as individuals and as a collective in a team sport environment (see, e.g., Wolf et al, 2018), establishing unwavering commitment across the playing squad is likely to be important for concurrently achieving high-level individual and team performance, success and, ultimately, thriving. Second, players discussed how establishing bonds with their teammates can bring enjoyment, as well as a sense of belonging and feeling valued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The players were asked to respond in relation to thriving as an individual (i.e., a player), rather than as a collective (i.e., the team), as this study was targeted at facilitating performance and well-being in individual players operating within a team sport environment. However, we recognized that it was likely players would discuss themes pertinent to both individual-and group-level experiences, given the difficulty of disentangling the individual from the group with team sport settings (see, e.g., Wolf, Harenberg, Tamminen, & Schmitz, 2018). As both authors were involved in conducting interviews for the study, field notes and initial thoughts were recorded by each interviewer and discussed between the authors after each interview.…”

Section: Verbatim 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports performers' perspectives on facilitating thriving in professional rugby contexts

Brown

Arnold

2019

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Objectives: The desire and apparent 'need' to succeed can drive a win-at-all-costs mentality in individuals who operate in sport. This approach has given rise to environments where the pursuit of high-level performance has been at the expense of athlete welfare. To redress this balance and to inform the creation and maintenance of sporting environments that promote both high performance and athlete well-being, we sought to (i) provide an exploration of the environmental factors that may promote player thriving in professional sport, and (ii) offer suggestions for how key stakeholders can support these mechanisms. Design: A qualitative research methodology underpinned by ontological relativism and epistemological constructionism. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 players from an English professional rugby union club. Results: Thematic analysis generated thirteen factors that players perceived to promote thriving. These factors were underpinned by two general ideas: (i) Establishing Bonds between Teammates and (ii) Establishing a Connection to the Coaching Staff and the Club. 15 Conclusions: The findings provide the first insight into the type of environment professional 16 rugby players believe can facilitate their development and sporting success. The factors 17 generated in the analysis highlight the players' desire to operate within an integrated, 18 inclusive, and trusting environment, and a variety of suggestions are forwarded for how this 19 can be achieved. To promote thriving in a professional sport that requires emotion and 20 passion to succeed on the pitch, it appears that rugby union organizations must appeal to the 21 sensitivities and welfare of players' off it. 22

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“'Cause You Can't Play This by Yourself”: Athletes' Perceptions of Team Influence on Their Precompetitive Psychological States

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Emotional games: How coaches' emotional expressions shape players' emotions, inferences, and team performance

Emotional games: How coaches' emotional expressions shape players' emotions, inferences, and team performance

Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations

Sports performers' perspectives on facilitating thriving in professional rugby contexts

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