Cause of loss of hydrogen-overvoltage on graphite electrodes used for anodic stripping voltammetry

Clem, Ray G.

doi:10.1021/ac60361a015

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Numerous carbon electrodes have been described in the literature (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) for use in voltammetry and stripping analysis. The carbon used in the construction of these electrodes has ranged from glassy carbon to graphite powder.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and characterization of a Kel-F-graphite composition electrode for general voltammetric applications

Anderson¹,

Tallman²,

Chesney³

et al. 1978

Anal. Chem.

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different ion-pair association constants. The data for KBr are given in Table I.Once a value of E°is well established for a particular metal/metal-ion electrode, it is possible to determine potentiometrically the ion-pair formation constants of all the soluble 1:1 salts of that metal by application of the equation:where (M+) = antilog (E -E°MiM+)/0.05916 and the experimental values of E are corrected for liquid junction potentials. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am grateful to Ward B.

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confidence: 99%

“…Wax impregnated graphite (WIG) electrodes have been used in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). These electrodes appear to have a finite shelf life which is attributed to crystallization of the wax, resulting in increased porosity which, in turn, leads to a broadening of the stripping peaks (6). Memory effects may also accrue with WIG electrodes (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of a Kel-F-graphite composition electrode for general voltammetric applications

Anderson¹,

Tallman²,

Chesney³

et al. 1978

Anal. Chem.

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“…These groups create an oxidized film at the electrode surface. The film can be formed by both chemical [2] and electrochemical 13-91 oxidations, especially in the presence of some metal catalysts, such as mercury and silver atoms [6], and even by polishing the electrode surface [lo]. After electrochemical oxidation, the film consists of several surface-confined redox couples [3, 4, 7, 91.…”

Section: Characterization By Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pH dependence of the open circuit potential of the carbon electrodes can be also ascribed to the influence of oxygen molecules which are adsorbed either to the electrode surface, or inside the pores of the electrode body[5, 81. The presence of these functional groups may decrease both the overvoltage for the hydrogen reduction and the working window of the carbon electrode[6], but they can also function as very effective catalysts for several organic redox reactions [7, 10, 12, 131.In fast scan cyclic voltammetry 11 < (dE/dt)/(V/s) < lo], between + I V and -1 V (vs Ag/AgC1/3 M KCI), the oxidized graphite electrode exhibits a pair of signals(Fig. l), which is attributed to the reduction and oxidation of a single redox couple.…”

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confidence: 99%

A solid composite pH sensor based on quinhydrone

1995

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A solid composite pH sensor can be made from quinhydrone, solid paraffin and surface-modified graphite powder. It exhibits an almost theoretical slope of the potential-pH dependence (-57.7mV at 25"C), a formal potential Eo' = 0.6922V (vs. NHE), low standard deviations for repeated measurements (0.04 pH units), fast potential response (15 s) and a working range up to pH 9.5. The sensor can be used in moderately concentrated mineral acids and, unlike the conventional quinhydrone electrode, it is also applicable for measurements in milk. The sensor shows the same salt effect and sensitivity towards strong oxidants and reductants as the conventional quinhydrone electrode. The surface modified graphite was prepared by boiling graphite powder with concentrated nitric acid. By voltammetry it was shown that the surface of the modified graphite contains surface-confined redox centers similar to those in quinhydrone, which can catalyze the electron transfer of the quinhydrone on the surface of the sensor.

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“…Carbonaceous substrates have already been utilized as électrode material, due to their quite attractive electro chemical properties [4]. However, it is well known that variations in the performances of thèse électrodes are to be expected depending on the source of the material [5], the percentage of graphite in the substrate [6,7], the type of pasting liquid [8] or impregnating agent [9] used. This paper reports the behaviours of a classical model but also of various drugs during cyclic voltammetrie mea surements at four différent carbon électrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetry of pharmaceuticals using different types of modified electrodes

et al. 1985

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Voltammetrie von Pharmazeutica mit Hilfe verschiedener Typen von modifizierten Elektroden Zusammenfassung. Das elektrochemische Verhalten mehre rer chemisch interessanter Pharmazeutica an verschiedenen K ohlenstoffElektroden wurde mit Hilfe der cyclischen Voltammetrie untersucht. Die Eigenschaften der K ohlen stoffpasteElektrode und der GlaskohlenstoffElektrode wurden geprûft und verglichen mit denjenigen von selbst hergestellten modifizierten Elektroden auf der Basis von kolloidalem Graphit und in einem geeigneten Polymer dis pergiertem Ru6. Das Verhalten des Hexacyanoferrat(II/IIl) Paares wurden als typisch fûr einen Depolarisator angesehen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daB das Ansprechen der Elektrode von der Art des Substrats deutlich beeinfluBt wird. Die Leistungsfâhigkeit jeder Elektrode wurde an Hand der voltammetrischen K urven der verschiedenen Pharmaca ausgewertet. Summary. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behaviour of several chemically interesting drugs on différent types of carbon based électrodes. The behaviours of the carbon paste and glassy carbon électrodes were investigated and compared with the results obtained with homemade new types of modified électrodes based on colloïdal graphite or carbon black dispersed in a suitable polymer. The behaviour of the couple hexacyanoferrate(Il/ III) has been reported as a typical model of depolarizer. It has been shown that électrode responses were markedly influenced by the nature of the substrate. Performances of each électrode have been evaluated with regard to the shape of the voltammetrie curves obtained during the investigation of thèse drugs.

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Cause of loss of hydrogen-overvoltage on graphite electrodes used for anodic stripping voltammetry

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Fabrication and characterization of a Kel-F-graphite composition electrode for general voltammetric applications

Fabrication and characterization of a Kel-F-graphite composition electrode for general voltammetric applications

A solid composite pH sensor based on quinhydrone

Voltammetry of pharmaceuticals using different types of modified electrodes

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