Causal relationship between CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia

Farhani, Sahbi; Öztürk, İlhan

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4767-1

Cited by 528 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Following the study of Farhani and Ozturk (2015), CO 2 emission is described as a function of real GDP, the square of real GDP, energy consumption, urbanization and trade openness. The panel version of empirical model is written as follows;…”

Section: Data Methodology and Empirical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Urbanization and Trade Openness for Selected CEECs

Destek¹,

Ballı²,

Manga³

2016

RWE

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This paper investigates the relationship between CO 2 emission, real GDP, energy consumption, urbanization and trade openness for 10 for selected Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), including, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia for the period of 1991-2011. The results show that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis holds for these countries. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) results reveal that a 1% increase in energy consumption leads to a %1.0863 increase in CO 2 emissions. Results for the existence and direction of panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger causality method show that there is bidirectional causal relationship between CO 2 emissions -real GDP and energy consumption-real GDP as well.

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Section: Data Methodology and Empirical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Urbanization and Trade Openness for Selected CEECs

Destek¹,

Ballı²,

Manga³

2016

RWE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The second group looked income and energy consumption as the main contributors of CO2 emission and analyzed the causal relationship among these variables. The third group combined the techniques of the first two to analyze the relationship among the variables Kasman and Duman, 2015;Al-Mulali and Ozturk, 2015;Al-Mulali et al, 2015b, 2015cFarhani and Ozturk, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have been conducted to test the causal relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation adding more variables like energy consumption, trade openness, urbanization and population (Farhani and Ozturk, 2015;Al-Mulali and Ozturk, 2015). Some studies have used data from individual countries while others used cross country data from different regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run? Evidence from selected South Asian Countries

Ahmed

Rehman

Öztürk

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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168

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This study empirically investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and four of its potentially contributing factors (i.e., energy consumption, income, trade openness and population) using time series data from 1971-2013 on five selected economies of South Asia. After confirming that all the series are stationary using unit root test process, the study incorporates three different and advance panel cointegration tests i.e. Pedroni-Kao-and Johansen-Fisher-panel cointegration. All the panel cointegration tests confirm that all the variables cointegrated. The long-run association between the variables is checked using FMOLS-grouped and individual cross-section country in the panel. The FMOLS grouped results show that energy consumption, trade openness and population increases environmental degradation in the panel countries with exception of income which has negative impact and sounds the existence of Environmental Kuznet curve between income and emission. The innovative accounting approach using variance decomposition test and impulse response function is applied to examine the causality amongst the underlined vectors. The results show that there is bidirectional causality between energy consumption and trade openness and unidirectional causality running from energy consumption, trade openness and population to CO2 emission. The results enumerate that the energy consumption and population density will increase in long-run and foresee further environmental degradation in the region.

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“…Malaysia. The recent study of Sbia et al (2014) and Farhani and Ozturk (2015) indicate that environmental consequence of trade may also vary due to scale, technique and composition effects in a particular country. However, their theoretical statement is assessed in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing the trade-environment nexus for Malaysia: what do the technique, scale, composition, and comparative advantage effect indicate?

Ling

Ahmed

Muhamad

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

128

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This paper investigates the impact of trade openness on CO 2 emissions using time series data over the period of 1970QI-2011QIV for Malaysia. We disintegrate the trade effect into scale, technique, composition and comparative advantage effects to check the environmental consequence of trade at four different transition points. To achieve the purpose, we have employed ADF and PP unit root tests in order to examine the stationary properties of the variables. Later, the long-run association among the variables is examined by applying ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Our results confirm the presence of cointegration. Further, we find that scale effect has positive and technique effect has negative impact on CO 2 emissions after threshold income level and form inverted-U shaped relationship -hence validates the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Energy consumption adds in CO 2 emissions. Trade openness and composite effect improve environmental quality by lowering CO 2 emissions. The comparative advantage effect increases CO 2 emissions and impairs environmental quality. The results provide the innovative approach to see the impact of trade openness in four subdimensions of trade liberalization. Hence, this study attributes more comprehensive policy tool for trade economists to better design environmentally sustainable trade rules and agreements.

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Causal relationship between CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia

Cited by 528 publications

References 48 publications

The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Urbanization and Trade Openness for Selected CEECs

The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Urbanization and Trade Openness for Selected CEECs

What drives carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run? Evidence from selected South Asian Countries

Decomposing the trade-environment nexus for Malaysia: what do the technique, scale, composition, and comparative advantage effect indicate?

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