Caudal Regression Syndrome

Abstract

Caudal Regression Syndrome (CRS) or Caudal dysgenesis syndrome (CDS) is characterized by maldevelopment of the caudal half of the body with variable involvement of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skeletal, and nervous systems. CRS affects 1–3 newborn infants per 100,000 live births. The prevalence in infants of diabetic mothers is reported at 1 in 350 live births which includes all the variants. A related condition is sirenomelia sequence or mermaid syndrome or symmelia and is characterized by fusion of the legs and a variable combination of the other abnormalities. The Currarino triad is a related anomaly that includes anorectal atresia, coccygeal and partial sacral agenesis, and a pre-sacral lesion such as anterior meningocele, lipoma or dermoid cyst. A multidisciplinary management approach is needed that includes rehabilitative services, and patients need a staged surgical approach.

Conus medullaris migration during the third trimester: A retrospective study

“…studied the ultrasound images of 110 fetuses and proposed that the fetal CM either above L1/2 vertebral space or below L3 vertebra should be monitored 11 . It is true that an abnormally high CM level may indicate certain congenital defect, which is called “caudal regression syndrome (CRS).” Due to an undeveloped spine, the patient with CRS has an early terminated spinal cord, that is, an atypically high‐lying blunt CM 12,13 . We have encountered several infants with CRS in our clinics, most of whom have associated congenital anal atresia.…”

Caudal regression syndrome: Postnatal radiological diagnosis with literature review of 83 cases

“…It consists of a spectrum of structural defects of the caudal spinal region either closed or open spinal dysraphism [2 , 3] . CRS includes incomplete development of the sacrum and sometimes involves lumbo-thoracic spine in variable degree [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . Patients with CRS may have also cord tethering [7 , 8] .…”

Neurogenic Bladder-Induced Stone in a Pelvic Kidney of a Caudal Regression Syndrome Patient: Management of a Complex Case

“…It's an uncommon congenital abnormality that causes developmental failure in varying degrees early in pregnancy [1]. One to three newborn children per 100,000 live births are affected by CRS [2]. Diabetic mothers' infants have a prevalence of 1 in 350 live births, which covers all varieties [1].…”

“…Pelvic kidneys are usually found by chance since they are asymptomatic. One in every 2,200-3,000 people is thought to be affected [2]. They might be signs of nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, uteropelvic junction blockade, or the formation of calices, among other things.…”

“…They might be signs of nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, uteropelvic junction blockade, or the formation of calices, among other things. Because neurogenic bladder occurs in 60% of CRS patients, it is critical that all CRS patients be properly tested for urinary obstruction at any part of the tract [2]. The use of a PCNL in a patient with CRS is described in this study.…”