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Background Mayer-Rokitansky Küster-Hauser syndrome MRKHS represents class I of congenital Müllerian anomaly, which resulted from interruption of embryonic development of the paramesonephric ducts in early pregnancy. It is characterized by uterine and proximal vaginal aplasia/hypoplasia associated with variable degree of cardiac, renal, and skeletal anomalies. We aimed to review and analyze clinically and radiologically MRKHS relying on three young sisters’ cases who presented with primary amenorrhea and were found to have features of MRKHS. Case presentation Three sisters aging 17, 20, and 25 years old presented with primary amenorrhea. Clinical workup was performed followed by ultrasound and MRI of the abdomen and pelvis, spine X-ray, audiogram, echocardiogram, hormonal study, and karyotyping. The three sisters had normal sex hormones and mature secondary sexual characteristic features. Additionally, cardiac valvular regurgitation and renal hypoplasia were recognized. Cytogenetic confirmed normal female 46 XX karyotype. MRI showed variable size and appearance of Müllerian remnant tissue of the uterus and proximal vagina. Conclusion MRKHS shows variable size and appearance of Müllerian remnant structures; however, it seems that the smaller the volume of remnant tissue the more severe associated anomalies. Associated valvular cardiac disease is documented, which was not reported before.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to provide normal values of the Torg-Pavlov ratio (TPR) of the lumbar spine in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the Jordanian population and examine differences observed according to factors including age, gender, lumbar level, dural sac area, or ethnic group. Material and Methods: Two hundred and eighteen lumbar MRIs from the Picture Archiving and Communication System were reviewed. These were collected from three main governmental hospitals, in North, Central, and South of Jordan. The mid-sagittal diameters of the vertebral body, spinal canal, and dural canal area were measured at all levels. Patients’ gender and age were documented as well. Exclusion criteria were kyphoscoliosis alignments disorders, lumbar spinal canal compression regardless of the cause, vertebral bony disease (including fractures), and the presence of technical artifacts. Statistical analyses used descriptive and correlational methods. Comparisons were made between genders, age groups, lumbar level, dural sac area in the study population using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA tests, and between ethnicities by reviewing previous reports on subjects of different ethnicities. Results: The mean TPR ratio for the study participants was 0.4502 ± 0.097. The value of TPR was widest in the 20–29-year-old group at all vertebral levels and in both males and females. Females had a significantly wider TPR than males (P = 0.003) in all age groups. TPR differed significantly between the five vertebral levels (P = 0.026). The difference in TPR between age groups was not statistically significant. TPR showed a positive significant correlation with dural sac (r = 0.203, P = 0.003). Comparison with the previous literature demonstrated variation in the TPR where Jordanian population had a lower TPR in comparison with Negros and Caucasoids whereas similar to Koreans, especially in females. Conclusion: There are significant differences in TPR according to gender, dural sac area, lumbar spinal level (except between L1 and L2), and ethnic group, but no significant difference with the age was found. The present study has identified normal values of Torg’s ratio in the Jordanian population. Although the study may not be able to provide clear guidelines for use in clinical practice, it has still highlighted possible between countries variations and has identified differences in these values to different factors. Implications on clinical practice could be reflected on the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis or on predicting the prognosis of lumbar spine injury.

Background: Accurate estimation of the postmortem (PM) interval, despite being a routine daily forensic expert work, is still a challenging practice. Science continues to grow in this topic. Cartilage is a specific avascular, non-lymphatic, and non-nervous specific connective tissue. Objectives: This work aimed to assess the use of auricular elastic cartilage as a tool for estimation of late PM interval in human. Methods: Biopsies were taken from ear cartilages of 43 victims how died from suspicious criminal causes. Routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed. The following histopathological parameters were examined, perichondrium, the number of lacunae with chondrocytes, nuclear material, and extracellular matrix. A scoring system was used for each parameter in different postmortem (PM) intervals. Results: Cases were classified into 3 groups (1-7, 8-14-, and 15-21-days PM). The examined histological parameters give statistically significant changes across the tested PM intervals. The correlation coefficient between the tested parameters and PM intervals gives significant results. The r-value was highest with the percentage of lacunae without chondrocytes and lowest with perichondrium loss (r = 0.62 and 0.35 respectively). Conclusion: Auricular cartilage showed remarkable changes that are correlated with PM interval in human. In the future, a large sample should be investigated with studying the impaction of environmental factors on these changes.