Cationic Polyelectrolytes as Prime Coagulants in Natural‐Water Treatment

Pressman, Maurice

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03350.x

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…gamma rays, X-rays, accelerated electrons and ion beams) leads to the formation of very reactive intermediates, free radicals, ions and excited states. 9,10 Much more attention has been focused on the improvement of the swelling ability, metal uptake, and thermal stability of superabsorbents. The main interaction of ionizing radiation with polymers depend on its molecular weight and its ability induce crosslinking or scission which may result in the formation of a wide range of materials without introducing any chemical initiators and without dissolving the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and application of a modified acrylamide–styrene sulfonate resin and a composite for sorption of some rare earth elements

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present work was attempted to prepare three new sorbents including a poly(acrylamide-sodium styrene sulphonate) P(AM-SSS) hydrogel, a poly(hydroxamic acid-sodium styrene sulphonate) P(HA-SSS) modified polymeric resin and a poly(acrylamide-sodium styrene sulphonate-silicon oxide) P(AM-SSS-SiO 2 ) composite by irradiation template polymerization. The effective reaction parameters such as absorbed dose (kGy), crosslinker and monomer concentration, and the polymer/monomer ratio, which affect the degree of template polymerization, were optimized to get the maximum conversion percentage and high capacity. The physicochemical swelling behavior of the hydrogel was higher than the resin and the composite. Modification of the hydrogel into modified polymeric resin was achieved by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The modification process is indicated by FTIR characteristic absorption bands of -O-H and 4N-Ogroups of the hydroxamic groups. Furthermore, an organic-inorganic composite was prepared by introducing silica into the polymer, which is indicated by FTIR characteristic adsorption bands of the silica network at 1209 cm À1 and 960 cm À1 . The application of the prepared sorbents for removal of La 3+ , Ce 3+ , Nd 3+ , Eu 3+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution was investigated by a batch technique. Various factors influencing the sorption behaviors were tested such as shaking time, pH and initial metal ion concentration. The obtained results showed that the prepared composite has better uptake percentage and higher capacity than the resin and the hydrogel and the sorption efficiency of metal ions towards the three adsorbent materials obeys the order La 3+ 4 Ce 3+ 4 Nd 3+ 4 Eu 3+ 4 Pb 2+ .

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and application of a modified acrylamide–styrene sulfonate resin and a composite for sorption of some rare earth elements

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Where all of the alum or iron salts can be replaced by polycations, the sludge volume will be cut drastically. 3 The sludge produced will also be more filterable, as compared to the gelatinous hydroxide floe produced by the metal salts. Where the alum is partially replaced by a polycation, the sludge will be reduced in proportion to the replacement.…”

Section: Application Of Cationic "Coagulants"mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metricized Article Use of Polymers in Municipal Water Treatment

Beardsley¹

1973

Journal AWWA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The quaternary polyamines, on the other hand, are very seldom affected by chlorine, and if they are, the effects are minimal. Pressman (1967) demonstrated this insensitivity to chlorine 20 years ago and Mangravite (1983) has found this to be generally true.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Particle Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Direct filtration of Chlorella and Scenedesmus suspensions for potable water treatment

Haarhoff

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical Characteristics of Algal Suspensions 3 Average particle diameter 3 Specific gravity 3 Electrical surface charge 4 Extracellular organic matter (EOM) 5 Bacteria 5 Algal Separation without Coagulants 6 Algal Separation with Metal Coagulants 10 Mechanisms of particle aggregation 10 Algal flocculation and settling 11 Algal filtration 13 Algal Separation with Synthetic Organic Polymers 15 Structure and selection of synthetic organic polymers 15 Mechanisms of particle aggregation 17 Algal flocculation and filtration 19 Optimal pretreatment for direct filtration 21 Algal Release of EOM 24 Organic carbon cycling in natural waters 24 The release of algal EOM 25 The nature of algal EOM 26 EOM Effects on Algal Separation 28 Experimental evidence 28 EOM reaction mechanisms 31 Chlorine Interaction with Algae 32 Chlorine chemistry 32 Chlorine effects on algal cells 35 Chlorination of algal suspensions 36 Effects of prechlorination on treatment processes 38 iii Mathematical Modeling of Deep Bed Filtration 41 Mathematical modeling: particle removal 42 Mathematical modeling: head loss 44 Numerical solution of filtration equations 45 MATERIALS, METHODS AND EQUIPMENT 47 Algal Cultures 47 Reagents 50 Jar Testing 52 Sand Filtration System 52 Molecular Weight Fractionation 55 Colloid Titration 56 Other Analytical Procedures 57 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGAL SUSPENSIONS 61 Measurements of Algal Cell Concentration 61 Measurement of Algal Cell Size 61 Effect of Prolonged Suspension on Cell Size Distribution 67 Molecular Weight Distribution of Algal EOM 71 Charge Concentration of Algal EOM 74 Summary of Findings EFFECTS OF CATIONIC POLYMERS AND CHLORINE ON ALGAL SUSPENSIONS Characterization of Cationic Polymers Jar Testing of Algal Suspensions Cationic Polymer Effects on Algal EOM Chlorine Effects on Algal EOM Combined Effects of Cationic Polymer and Chlorine on Algal EOM 97 Summary of Findings 100 iv DIRECT FILTRATION OF ALGAL SUSPENSIONS 102 Outline of Experimental Work 102 Direct Filtration without Coagulants 104 Direct Filtration with Metal Coagulants 107 Turbidity removal 111 Head loss development rate (HDR) 111 Turbidity breakthrough 113 Chlorine effects 113 Direct Filtration with Cationic Polymers 113 Effect of polymer type 114 Effect of polymer dosage during a single filter run 114 Effect of polymer dosage during multiple filter runs 114 Effect of polymer dosage on different size fractions 120 Effect of polymer overdosage 123 Effect of mixing 123 Effect of prechlorination

show abstract

Cationic Polyelectrolytes as Prime Coagulants in Natural‐Water Treatment

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis, characterization and application of a modified acrylamide–styrene sulfonate resin and a composite for sorption of some rare earth elements

Synthesis, characterization and application of a modified acrylamide–styrene sulfonate resin and a composite for sorption of some rare earth elements

A Metricized Article Use of Polymers in Municipal Water Treatment

Direct filtration of Chlorella and Scenedesmus suspensions for potable water treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About