Cationic amino-containing N -isopropyl- acrylamide-styrene copolymer latex particles: 1-Particle size and morphology vs. polymerization process

Duracher, David; Sauzedde, F.; Elaı̈ssari, Abdelhamid; Perrin, A.; Pichot, Christian

doi:10.1007/s003960050232

Cited by 153 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…This is in accord with the reported phenomena for the emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerizations of styrene with cationic monomers. 6,17 However, the effect of DADMAC was not significant. The individual monomer conversion curves of VBTMAC, MATMAC, and MAPTAC are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Binary Copolymerizationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with quaternary ammonium cationic monomers

Liu

Xiao

Wiseman

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Emulsifier-free emulsion binary copolymerizations of styrene with four types of quaternary ammonium cationic monomers, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), (3-(methacryloylamino) propyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC), (2-methacryloyloxy) ethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (MATMAC), and vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (VBTMAC), were conducted at 70°C. 2, 2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V50) and potassium persulphate (KPS) were used as cationic and anionic initiator, respectively. Ternary copolymerizations were also carried out in the presence of acrylamide as a second comonomer. Monomer conversions were followed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and the polymer microparticles were characterized using photon correlation spectroscopy, electrophoresis, colloid titration, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that VBTMAC and MATMAC were highly reactive in the copolymerization with styrene whereas the incorporation of DADMAC was slow. MAPTAC had an intermediate reactivity. Binary copolymerization with VBTMAC, MATMAC, and MAPTAC produced particles smaller in size, but higher in surface-charge density, than styrene homopolymer particles. However, significant agglomerates were detected in the VBTMAC and MATMACcontaining latexes. In contrast, DADMAC-containing polymer particles were almost identical to styrene particles. Continuous nucleation took place in the binary copolymerizations with VBTMAC and with MATMAC when using V50 initiator. In the case of using KPS, VBTMAC-containing particles grew continuously to a mean size much larger than the corresponding particles initiated by V50. The presence of acrylamide reduced DADMAC-containing particle size and diminished the agglomeration in the VBTMAC-and MATMAC-containing latexes. The results were interpreted via particle formation mechanism.

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Section: Kinetics Of Binary Copolymerizationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with quaternary ammonium cationic monomers

Liu

Xiao

Wiseman

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…On the other hand stimuli-responsive gels have been called "smart" materials because they respond by a change in swelling to subtle changes in the environment. [24,25] These hydrogels can be made responsive to temperature, [19] pH value, [22,26] ionic strength, [27][28][29] light, [30][31][32][33][34] electric field, [35] and biomolecules. [36][37][38][39][40] The responsive behavior of the hydrogels is inherited from the type of the polymer used in making the gel and/or any post-polymerization modifications that are made.…”

Section: Other Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Nanotechnology with Soft Nanoparticles

2005

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The last decade of research in the physical sciences has seen a dramatic increase in the study of nanoscale materials. Today, "nanoscience" has emerged as a multidisciplinary effort, wherein obtaining a fundamental understanding of the optical, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of nanostructures promises to deliver the next generation of functional materials for a wide range of applications. While this range of efforts is extremely broad, much of the work has focused on "hard" materials, such as Buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, metals, semiconductors, and organic or inorganic dielectrics. Meanwhile, the soft materials of current interest typically include conducting or emissive polymers for "plastic electronics" applications. Despite the continued interest in these established areas of nanoscience, new classes of soft nanomaterials are being developed from more traditional polymeric constructs. Specifically, nanostructured hydrogels are emerging as a promising group of materials for multiple biotechnology applications as the need for advanced materials in the post-genomic era grows. This review will present some of the recent advances in the marriage between water-swellable networks and nanoscience.

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“…The reaction was started by addition of the initiator (8 mmol/L in final solution). For the synthesis of anionic PS beads, KPS [45] was chosen as initiator, for the synthesis of cationic PS beads, AIBA [46] was chosen, each dissolved in 5 mL water for addition via syringe. In the case of uncharged PS beads, the initiator AIBN [47] was dissolved in 5 mL of detained styrene monomer and added via syringe.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Differently Charged Ps Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Membrane Surface Charges: A Novel Study on Electrostatic Interactions during Membrane Fouling

et al. 2015

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Abstract:In this work we aim to show that the overall surface potential is a key factor to understand and predict anti-fouling characteristics of a polymer membrane. Therefore, polyvinylidene fluoride membranes were modified by electron beam-induced grafting reactions forming neutral, acidic, alkaline or zwitterionic structures on the membrane surface. The differently charged membranes were investigated regarding their surface properties using diverse analytical methods: zeta potential, static and dynamic water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Porosimetry measurements proved that there is no pore blocking due to the modifications. Monodisperse suspensions of differently charged polystyrene beads were synthesized by a radical emulsion polymerization reaction and were used as a model fouling reagent, preventing comparability problems known from current literature. To simulate membrane fouling, different bead suspensions were filtered through the membranes. The fouling characteristics were investigated regarding permeation flux decline and concentration of model fouling reagent in filtrate as well as by SEM. By considering electrostatic interactions equal to hydrophobic interactions we developed a novel fouling test system, which enables the prediction of a membrane's fouling tendency. Electrostatic forces are dominating, especially when charged fouling reagents are present, and can help to explain fouling characteristics that cannot be explained considering the surface wettability.

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Cationic amino-containing N -isopropyl- acrylamide-styrene copolymer latex particles: 1-Particle size and morphology vs. polymerization process

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with quaternary ammonium cationic monomers

Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with quaternary ammonium cationic monomers

Soft Nanotechnology with Soft Nanoparticles

Tailoring Membrane Surface Charges: A Novel Study on Electrostatic Interactions during Membrane Fouling

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