Cationic AIE-active photosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic eradication of drug-resistant bacteria

Abstract

Drug-resistant bacteria present a grave threat to human health. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds enormous potential as an innovative treatment for antimicrobial therapy. However, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)...

BODIPY-based photosensitizers with simultaneous photodynamic antitumor and antibacterial effects

“…4b, the zeta potential of MRSA increased from À26.5 mV to À23.6 mV after incubation with 1a for 3 h, which is attributed to the electrostatic interactions between MRSA and 1a. 53 The increased Zeta potentials were also observed for 2a-5a. These results confirmed the excellent bacteria-targeting ability of 1a-5a.…”

Pure Organic AIE Nanoscintillator for X‐ray Mediated Type I and Type II Photodynamic Therapy

“…[ 48 ] In sharp contrast, the ROS generation was extremely significant when f w rises to 99%, due to the aggregation‐enhanced ROS generation for AIE PSs. [ 49 ] In addition, TBDCR showed a much better ROS generation than commercially available PSs, which is nearly 4.8‐ and 2.6‐fold higher than chlorin E6 (Ce6) [ 50 ] as well as crystal violet (CV), [ 51 ] respectively, as demonstrated by the DCF fluorescence enhancement factors.…”

Combination of PEG‐b‐PAA Carrier and Efficient Cationic Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

“…[16] When the pyridinium or the derived groups served as electron donors, the constructed AIE PSs own not only high photosensitizing efficiency but also specific functions including mitochondria-targeting and bacteria-targeting abilities. [17] For example, the AIE PS with a pyridinium group and a quaternary ammonium group can target and kill gram-negative bacteria; [18] the AIE PS with a pyridinium group and a cyano group can target mitochondria and serve as an effective radiosensitizer. [19] However, the applications of cationic AIE PSs are limited when intravenous administration is required, because the ionic compounds can easily bind to bio-molecules in living organisms.…”

“…Cationic groups such as pyridinium are among the most commonly used components to construct AIE PSs with D−A structures [16] . When the pyridinium or the derived groups served as electron donors, the constructed AIE PSs own not only high photosensitizing efficiency but also specific functions including mitochondria‐targeting and bacteria‐targeting abilities [17] . For example, the AIE PS with a pyridinium group and a quaternary ammonium group can target and kill gram‐negative bacteria; [18] the AIE PS with a pyridinium group and a cyano group can target mitochondria and serve as an effective radiosensitizer [19] .…”