Cation-exchange behaviour of several elements in hydrochloric acid—organic solvent media

Korkisch, J.; Ahluwalia, Sarabjeet Singh

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(67)80175-9

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Additionally, a number of the media used in this study are analogous to seawater and thus contain significant quantities of Na, Mg, and other constituents, which must be removed to eliminate matrix effects and isobaric interferences. We tested several chemical procedures for this task (31,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) but, although all can successfully separate Ni from simple solutions, they were unsuccessful when applied to our complex media. Our technique has been adapted for a relatively small sample volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomarker based on the stable isotopes of nickel

Cameron

Vance

Archer

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

166

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The new stable isotope systems of transition metals are increasingly used to understand and quantify the impact of primitive microbial metabolisms on the modern and ancient Earth. To date, little effort has been expended on nickel (Ni) isotopes but there are good reasons to believe that this system may be more straightforward, and useful in this respect, than some others. Here, we present Ni stable isotope data for abiotic terrestrial samples and pure cultures of methanogens. The dataset for rocks reveals little isotopic variability and provides a lithologic baseline for terrestrial Ni isotope studies. In contrast, methanogens assimilate the light isotopes, yielding residual media with a complementary heavy isotopic enrichment. Methanogenesis may have evolved during or before the Archean, when methane could have been key to Earth's early systems. Our data suggest significant potential in Ni stable isotopes for identifying and quantifying methanogenesis on the early planet. Additionally, Ni stable isotope fractionation may well prove to be the fundamental unambiguous trace metal biomarker for methanogens.biological fractionation ͉ early life ͉ methanogens ͉ trace metal L ife has had a profound impact on the surface of the Earth, with perhaps the most obvious expression being the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis leading to the evolution of an oxidised atmosphere and oceans (1, 2). However, the microorganisms and metabolisms mediating oxygenic photosynthesis probably evolved relatively late in the Archean (3-5) and other metabolisms, such as methanogenesis, likely dominated both the early history of the biosphere itself (6-8) and the surface chemistry of the planet (9, 10). For example, atmospheric methane has been suggested as the dominant greenhouse gas before 2.3 Ga, before the evolution of oxic conditions (10). This inference is based on models of solar luminosity, atmospheric photochemistry and Archean microbial ecology, but little is known about the actual timing of the evolution of methanogens or methanogenesis as a metabolism. Phylogenetic studies indicate methanogens are deeply rooted in the tree of life (6,8,11), but this approach relies on biological evidence to constrain the timing of evolutionary events.In the investigation of the history of life on Earth, isotopic and chemical biomarkers serve both to calibrate time in phylogenetic trees and to document the impact of the biosphere on the physical world. An array of tools has traditionally been harnessed, including organic molecules (12) and the isotopic composition of key bioactive elements whose surface geochemical cycles are dominated by the biosphere (13). The transition metals are a recent addition to the latter group, with Fe undergoing the most intensive study (14,15). Fe has advantages and disadvantages in this regard, as the many studies conducted on its isotope system have shown. The ubiquitous role of Fe in the biosphere makes its isotopes a key system to study, though other isotope systems such as Se (16) and Cu (17) may also be promising....

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomarker based on the stable isotopes of nickel

Cameron

Vance

Archer

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

166

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“…Attractive by its simplicity, the potential of this approach to separate Ni from alkali and alkaline earth metals is compromised by the limited differences in the distribution coefficients (K d ) and the corresponding necessity of a highly efficient column with a high number of theoretical plates. 40 A general trend is that Ni distribution coefficients in a weak HClstrong cation exchange system increase when the concentration of organic solvent is increased, while those for Fe, Co and Zn decrease. Nevertheless, this separation approach can be used efficiently when these limitations are properly addressed (e.g., for the analysis of iron meteorites).…”

Section: Page 5 Of 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an isolation procedure and MC-ICP-MS measurement protocol for the study of stable isotope ratio variations of nickel

Chernonozhkin

Goderis

Lobo

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Variations in the isotopic composition of Ni resulting from natural mass-dependent processes in terrestrial or extraterrestrial conditions, inhomogeneous distribution of nucleosynthetic components and/or ingrowth from radioactive parent nuclides, help us to further understand the early formation history of Solar System materials and the nature of the processes these materials subsequently experienced. In studies of Ni isotope systematics, mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of Ni are often bypassed because of the challenges associated with the sample preparation. At the level of natural variation studied, Ni isotope ratio measurements are extremely sensitive to spectral interference, artificial on-column isotope fractionation and possibly even to the mass bias correction model applied. To adequately address these complications, an isolation procedure and measurement protocol relying on multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) have been designed and validated in this work. The overall reproducibility obtained based on repeated measurement of a Sigma-Aldrich high-purity Ni standard is 0.036&, 0.049 parts per thousand, 0.078 parts per thousand and 0.53 parts per thousand for delta Ni-60/58, delta Ni-61/58, delta Ni-62/58 and delta Ni-64/58, respectively (n = 14; 2 SD). Nickel isotope ratio variations have been studied in a set of iron meteorites and geological reference materials, and the results obtained, except for those suffering from an elevated Zn-64 background, show good agreement with the available literature data. By using the flexible generalized power law with a variable discrimination exponent and the three-isotope method, the processes underlying natural mass fractionation of Ni for terrestrial reference materials were found to have a mixed equilibrium/kinetic nature. Mass-dependent Ni fractionation was observed between sample fractions of the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite, and the extracted fractionation factor beta corresponds to isotope partitioning following the power law

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“…However, due to similar values of ionic radii of individual lanthanide(III) ions there are not significant differences in their affinity for the polystyrene cation exchangers. Therefore, attempts to obtain individual rare earth elements from the solutions of mineral acids (HCl, HBr, HNO3 and H2SO4) did not yield positive results (Nelson et al 1964;Korkish, 1967;Korkish & Ahluwalia, 1967). HCl and HNO3 can be used for the separation of lanthanide(III) from other metal ions occurring in the lower oxidation states (Strelow & Bothma, 1964).…”

Section: Cation Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%