Cation Cycling in a Base‐poor and Base‐rich Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem

Thorne, James F.; Anderson, Jay E.; Horiuchi, Kimiko

doi:10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700010014x

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The concentrations of DOC and DON in litter leachate that we measured are within the range reported for other ecosystems, but relatively low in comparison to most reported values, probably due to its thinness. The concentrations of cations, P, and TDS in CWD leachate reported in our study are generally higher than those reported for soil solutions and stream water in other forested ecosystems in the northeastern US (Yavitt and Fahey 1986;Driscoll et al 1988;Thorne et al 1988;Likens and Bormann 1995;Qualls et al 1991;Likens et al 1994;Zhang and Mitchell 1995;Likens et al 1998;Johnson et al 2000;Fitzhugh et al 2001;Likens et al 2002). This difference demonstrates that CWD has a relatively substantial impact on solute concentrations in water flowing through it, relative to other solute sources within forested ecosystems.…”

Section: Solute Concentrations: Comparison To Other Studiescontrasting

confidence: 68%

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and other solutes from coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State

2005

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Coarse woody debris (CWD) may play a role in nutrient cycling in temperate forests through the leaching of solutes, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), to the underlying soil. These fluxes need to be considered in element budget calculations, and have the potential to influence microbial activity, soil development, and other processes in the underlying soil, but studies on leaching from CWD are rare. In this study, we collected throughfall, litter leachate, and CWD leachate in situ at a young mixed lowland forest in NY State, USA over one year. We measured the concentrations of DOC, DON, NH 4 + , NO 3 À , dissolved organic sulfur, SO 4 2À , Cl À , Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P, estimated the flux of these solutes in throughfall, and measured the cover of CWD to gain some insight into possible fluxes from CWD. Concentrations of DOC were much higher in CWD leachate than in throughfall or litter leachate (15 vs. 0.7 and 1.6 mM, respectively), and greater than reported values for other leachates from within forested ecosystems. Other solutes showed a similar pattern, with inorganic N being an exception. Our results suggest that microsite scale fluxes of DOC from CWD may be An high relative to throughfall and litter leaching fluxes, but since CWD covered a relatively small fraction (2%) of the forest floor in our study, ecosystem scale fluxes from CWD may be negligible for this site. Soil directly beneath CWD may be influenced by CWD leaching, in terms of soil organic matter, microbial activity, and N availability. Concentrations of some metals showed correlations to DOC concentrations, highlighting the possibility of complexation by DOM. Several solute concentrations in throughfall, including DOC, showed positive correlations to mean air temperature, and fewer showed positive correlations in litter leachate, while negative correlations were observed to precipitation, suggesting both biological and hydrologic control of solute concentrations.

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Section: Solute Concentrations: Comparison To Other Studiescontrasting

confidence: 68%

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and other solutes from coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State

2005

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“…These 2 small watersheds differ mainly in topographic relief, with the average slope of W‐9C much lower (Table 1). Land use history includes both agriculture and logging, with the last intensive logging in 1929 and selective cutting in 1960 [ Thorne et al , 1988; Sebestyen et al , 2008].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of soil nitrification and nitrate export from forested headwaters in the northeastern United States

et al. 2012

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[1] Nitrogen export from small forested watersheds is known to be affected by N deposition but with high regional variability. We studied 10 headwater catchments in the northeastern United States across a gradient of N deposition (5.4 À 9.4 kg ha À1 yr À1 ) to determine if soil nitrification rates could explain differences in stream water NO 3 À export. Average annual export of two years (October 2002 À export was positively related to nitrification rates (r 2 = 0.34, p = 0.04) and the relative nitrification (r 2 = 0.37, p = 0.04). These relationships were much improved by restricting consideration to the 6 watersheds with a higher number of rate measurements (59-130) taken in transects parallel to the streams (r 2 of 0.84 and 0.70 for the nitrification rate and relative nitrification, respectively). Potential nitrification rates were also a better predictor of NO 3 À export when data were limited to either the 6 sampling points closest to the watershed outlet (r 2 = 0.75) or sampling points <250 m from the watershed outlet (r 2 = 0.68). The basal area of conifer species at the sampling plots was negatively related to NO 3 À export. These spatial relationships found here suggest a strong influence of near-stream and near-watershed-outlet soils on measured stream NO 3 À export.

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“…The forest was partially harvested in 1929 and reharvested for yellow birch in 1960; the watershed may have been cleared for grazing in the 1800s (Thorne et al 1988). The relatively steep terrain in the catchment is broken up by an upper plateau, headwater swamps, mid-elevation benches, and gentle slopes in the lowest elevations.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the till, variations in resistance probably represent variations in till texture and depositional sequences. However, the higher resistance at the soil/till interface relative to zones above and below it likely represents a textural change as the high-porosity loamy soil gives way to the dense, low-porosity unaltered till dominated by fine silt (Thorne et al 1988;Newell 1970). The transition may be caused by pedogenic translocation of soil clay particles into the upper till.…”

Section: Resistance Profiles and Ground Water Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow Water Table Fluctuations in Relation to Soil Penetration Resistance

Shanley¹,

Hjerdt²,

McDonnell³

et al. 2003

Groundwater

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Hydrologic modeling of catchments is frequently hampered by lack of information on subsurface stratigraphy and zones of preferred flow. We evaluated the usefulness of soil penetration resistance, easily measured by a dynamic cone penetrometer, together with measurements of ground water level fluctuations, as a cost-effective means to infer subsurface flow patterns. At our field site at Sleepers River, Vermont, penetration resistance was lowest in the surficial 10 to 30 cm, then typically increased to a local maximum at 60 to 80 cm, which we interpreted as the soil/till interface. Below this depth usually lies a zone of decreased resistance in the till, giving way to either a gradual or abrupt increase in resistance toward the bedrock surface at 1 to 4.5 m depth. Penetration resistance had a weak but significant negative correlation with saturated hydraulic conductivity determined by bail tests (r 2 = 0.25, p < 0.05). At many wells, monthly ground water levels tended to cluster at or just above the resistant zone near the soil/till interface. Chemical and isotopic dynamics in nested wells finished above and below the resistant zone suggest that the zone may temporarily isolate the deeper ground water reservoir from meltwater inputs, which were clearly identified by low δ 18 O values. In ground water discharge zones, δ 18 O values tended to converge throughout the profile. In contrast, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) maintained a gradient of increasing concentration toward land surface, even in otherwise well-mixed waters, reflecting its rapid release from organic horizons. Understanding the effect of soil penetration resistance on ground water behavior may be useful in future catchment modeling efforts. 964Shallow Water Table Fluctuations conditions on these aquifer properties thus determines the position of the water table-and ultimately, streamflow. The position of the water table also plays a role in stream water chemistry. Infiltrating rain and snowmelt, modified by passage through the organic-rich surficial soil, recharge the ground water. The chemistry of this newly recharged shallow ground water may be markedly different than that of the deeper pre-existing ground water (Christopherson and Hooper 1992). The latter is generally dominated by solutes derived from weathering of minerals in the soil and bedrock. Freshly recharged ground water is generally dilute in weathering solutes but enriched in surficial soil leachates such as DOC, nitrate, and silica . It may take some time for these waters to mix, during which time the shallow ground water system remains chemically stratified. Younger ground water readily discharges to stream water because of higher hydraulic conductivities typically found in surficial soils (Bishop 1991;Kendall et al. 1999). The chemical and isotopic signature of this discharging shallow ground water will reflect its recent origin.In this study, conducted at Sleepers River, Vermont, we analyzed a 10-year record of monthly water table fluctuations and one snowmelt period of chemi...

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Cation Cycling in a Base‐poor and Base‐rich Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and other solutes from coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, and other solutes from coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State

Spatial patterns of soil nitrification and nitrate export from forested headwaters in the northeastern United States

Shallow Water Table Fluctuations in Relation to Soil Penetration Resistance

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