Catechol‐conjugated Dextran for Marine Antifouling Applications: The Adverse Effects of High Catechol Content

Abstract

Marine antifouling property of dextran coating was investigated. Catechol-conjugated dextrans (Dex-C) with different grafting densities were synthesized and used for surface coating. The coating efficacy was analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometry and water contact angle goniometry, and as a result, coating thickness was shown to increase with increasing catechol content in Dex-C. Marine antifouling property of Dex-C coating was then investigated via marine diatom adhesion assays. Unlike the coating thickness, marine antifouling performance of Dex-C coating was found to be not proportional to the catechol content in Dex-C. We expect that this study will provide an important factor to consider in designing catecholconjugated antifouling materials.

Antifouling Performance and Sustained Release Behavior of Ethanol Extract from the Root of Stellera chamaejasme

“…Various physical and chemical methods have been used to prohibit the attachment of fouling organism, such as mechanical cleaning, spraying antifouling paint, and fouling release coatings on the surface of the material. Among these methods, organic tin-based anti-fouling coating is the most effective [3][4][5][6][7]. However, this type of coating is highly toxic and cannot be completely degraded in the natural environment; in addition, it was prohibited by the International Marine Environment Organization in 2008 [8,9].…”

Antifouling Surface Coating on Various Substrates by Inducing Tyrosinase-Mediated Oxidation of a Tyrosine-Conjugated Sulfobetaine Derivative

“…In particular, the surface anchoring group of initiators or polymers must be considered in advance for their immobilization on the target surface to proceed by the “graft-from” or “graft-to” method, respectively. For example, thiols on gold or silver, silanes on silicon oxides or glass, , catechols on titanium oxide, , and aryl azide groups for carbon-based materials have been used to fulfill interactions with target surfaces. Notably, the target surfaces are limited not merely to the experimentally preferred ones that are beneficial for surface analyses (e.g., gold) but also include daily life substrates, such as stainless steel (SS), glass, polystyrene (PS), and even living cell surfaces to fulfill the aforementioned applications .…”

Surface Coating with Naphthalene Trisulfonate/Hafnium(IV) Complexes: Versatility and Post-Functionalization

“…The development of surface chemistry for endowing appropriate properties onto material surfaces has been of considerable interest in the materials chemistry field because the performance of functional materials is closely affected by their surface properties. − For example, biocompatible surface modification is a prerequisite for applying nano-/micromaterials in vivo . − In this respect, surface modification reagents, which enable the introduction of desired properties onto the surface of any material, are necessary; therefore, significant effort has been devoted to the development of a versatile surface modification reagent in the last decade. − Dopamine and tannic acid are representative molecules for such versatile surface modification. ,,, Both molecules belong to the hydroxybenzene family, which is prone to oxidation and self-assembly under mild aqueous conditions. Immersion of solid substrates in a solution of alkaline dopamine or tannic acid/metal complexes formed a polydopamine or tannic acid/metal complex coating. ,,, After the versatile surface coating properties of dopamine and tannic acid were investigated, follow-up studies have been extensively conducted, focusing on the synthesis of catechol/pyrogallol derivatives. ,− Since the catechol/pyrogallol derivatives consist of hydrophobic aromatic cores and hydrophilic hydroxyls, these molecules can bind to hydrophobic and hydrophilic solid surfaces, thereby coating diverse surfaces. Moreover, these molecules are similar in that they are transformed to large molecules via self-polymerization or metal-mediated multiple coordination bond formation .…”