Catechin ameliorates Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced inflammation via the regulation of TLR2/4 and inflammasome signaling

Abstract

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontopathogen found in patients with chronic periodontitis that can lead to alveolar bone or tooth loss. Interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), a proinflammatory cytokine, is most relevant to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Catechin is one of the main polyphenol compounds found in green tea and possesses a range of health benefits. This study examined the antiinflammatory effects of catechin in THP-1-derived macrophages infected with P. gingivalis as well as its effects on P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis in a mouse model. Methods:The cytokine levels and relevant protein expression in THP-1 cells were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. An apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) pyroptosome formation was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Micro-computed tomography was used to determine the level of bone loss induced by a P. gingivalis oral infection. Results:Catechin attenuated the production of IL-1 by inhibiting pro-IL-1 expression via the downregulation of nuclear factor-B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling. In addition, catechin inhibited the activation of inflammasomes induced by P. gingivalis, but did not affect the growth of P. gingivalis. Catechin reduced the level of alveolar bone loss in a P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis mouse model. Conclusion:Catechin possesses anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the level of IL-1 production, suggesting that it can potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of periodontal inflammation caused by P. gingivalis. K E Y W O R D Santi-inflammatory agents, inflammation, innate immunity, periodontitis periodontal tissue. 1 Periodontitis is induced by several periodontopathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. 2 P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative rod anaerobe, is a major etiological agent J Periodontol. 2020;91:661-670.How to cite this article: Lee HA, Song YR, Park MH, Chung HY, Na HS, Chung J. Catechin ameliorates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation via the regulation of TLR2/4 and inflammasome signaling. J Periodontol. 2020;91:661-670. https://doi.

Inhibitory Effect of Catechin-Rich Açaí Seed Extract on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

“…The anti-inflammatory activity of açaí is often associated with the presence of flavonoids, such as catechin and epicatechin, both in the pulp fruit [ 18 ] and in the seeds [ 19 ]. Catechin’s anti-inflammatory effect is well described alone, acting via the regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 and inflammasome signaling [ 20 ], or in combination with other compounds, suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages in vitro in association with baicalin and β-caryophyllene [ 21 ], and inhibiting the activation of TLR4-MyD88-mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages in association with quercetin [ 22 ].…”

Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis - Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

“…The green tea extract showed higher activity than black tea extract. Other studies have confirmed the inhibitory effect of flavan-3-ols obtained from tea on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from LPS stimulated macrophages as well from cytokines-stimulated gingival cells (table 1), [14], [23], [24], [35]. Ben Lagha et al [20] presented consistent results in which they proved inhibitory effect theaflavins (TFs) from black tea on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from P. gingivalis-treated macrophages and on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway (table 1).…”

“…IL-1β) can be mediated via signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways, which lead to gene expression of certain proteins (for example IL-6). There are more and more studies proving that proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols inhibit the secretion of cytokines by influencing NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 activation (table 1), [14], [13], [18], [19], [20], [22], [37], [26], [28]. Many studies have shown inhibition of production and / or secretion of inflammatory cytokines by proanthocyanidins.…”

“…Similar results achieved Lee at al. [14] studying catechin, another of major flavan-3-ols in green tea. They showed that catechin reduced the level of alveolar bone loss in a P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis mouse model.…”

Interplays between inflammasomes and viruses, bacteria (pathogenic and probiotic), yeasts and parasites

“…Such, in mice suffering from periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, downregulation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation was observed. Catechin also suppresses the production of IL-1β by inhibiting pro-IL-1β expression via the downregulation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and TLR signaling in THP-1 cells [ 117 ]. Similarly, subcutaneous injection of catechin decreases monosodium urate (MSU)-induced IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in C57BL/6 mice ( in vivo ) and inhibits MSU-induced IL-1β secretion, intracellular calcium and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MSU-challenged THP-1 cells ( in vitro ) [ 118 ].…”