Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitrogen management in temperate zones

Thorup‐Kristensen, Kristian; Magid, Jakob; Jensen, Lars Stoumann

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(02)79005-6

Cited by 534 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…However, the rye catch crop led to a negative N eff whether measured to 1 or 1.5 m soil depth, and correspondingly reduced spring wheat yield and N uptake. The results point to the importance of considering the rooting depth of the succeeding crop when calculating catch crop N effects, as has previously been pointed out (Thorup-Kristensen et al 2003).…”

Section: Wheat Grain Yieldsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Catch crops sown in late summer under high precipitation conditions have been found to be an efficient method to prevent the residual nitrogen from a previous crop being leached during winter (Thorup- Kristensen et al 2003), and catch crops grown before spring barley have proved to reduce N leaching compared to winter wheat (Thomsen et al 1993). Incorporation of the catch crop grown before spring wheat can then be delayed until winter or early spring, to allow catch crop N to be mineralized and become available for the spring wheat, rather than being lost by leaching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

2009

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Cropping systems comprising winter catch crops followed by spring wheat could reduce N leaching risks compared to traditional winter wheat systems in humid climates. We studied the soil mineral N (N inorg ) and root growth of winterand spring wheat to 2.5 m depth during 3 years. The roots of the winter and spring wheat penetrated the soil at a similar rate (1.3 mm o C day −1 ) and by virtue of its longer growing period, winter wheat reached depths of 2.2 m, twice that of spring wheat (1.1 m). The deeper rooting of winter wheat was related to much lower amounts of N inorg left in the 1 to 2.5 m layer after winter wheat (81 kg N inorg ha −1 less). When growing winter catch crops before spring wheat, N content in the 1 to 2.5 m layer after spring wheat was not different from that after winter wheat. The results suggest that due to its deep rooting, winter wheat may not lead to as high levels of leaching as it is often assumed in humid climates. Deep soil and root measurements (below 1 m) in this experiment were essential to answer the questions we posed.

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Section: Wheat Grain Yieldsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

2009

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“…Indeed, this additional water may benefit the vine during the subsequent year (Gaudin et al, 2010). However, competition may occur as this additional water could be partly or totally transpired by the service crop (Celette et al, 2008;Thorup-Kristensen et al, 2003). In semi-arid conditions with low precipitation during the summer period, competition for water may impair grapevine yield at both year n and year n+1 (Guilpart et al, 2014).…”

Section: Services and Disservices Of Service Crops In Vineyardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of service crops for the provision of ecosystem services in vineyards: A review

Garcia

Celette

Gary

et al. 2018

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

178

116

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Service crops are crops grown with the aim of providing non-marketed ecosystem services, i.e. differing from food, fiber and fuel production. Vineyard soils face various agronomic issues such as poor organic carbon levels, erosion, fertility losses, and numerous studies have highlighted the ability of service crops to address these issues. In addition to their ability to increase soil organic matter and fertility, and reduce runoff and erosion processes, service crops provide a large variety of ecosystem services in vineyards such as weed control, pest and disease regulation, water supply, water purification, improvement of field trafficability and maintenance of soil biodiversity. However, associating service crops with grapevines may also generate disservices and impair grape production: competition for soil resources with the grapevine is often highlighted to reject such association. Consequently, vinegrowers have to find a balance between services and disservices, depending on local soil and climate conditions, on their objectives of grape production and on the nature and temporality of the ecosystem services they expect during the grapevine cycle. This study proposes a review of the services and disservices provided by service crops in vineyards, and a framework for their management. Vinegrowers' production objectives and pedoclimatic constraints form the preliminary stage to consider before defining a strategy of service crop management. This strategy assembles management options such as the choice of species, its spatial distribution within the vineyard, the timing of its installation, maintenance and destruction. These management options, defined for both annual and long-term time scales, form action levers which may impact cropping system functioning. Finally, we underline the importance of implementing an adaptive strategy at the seasonal time scale. Such tactical management allows adapting the cropping system to observed climate and state of the biophysical system during the grapevine cycle, in order to provide targeted services and achieve satisfactory production objectives.

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“…Little is known about how Se is affected by farming practices, or to what extent leaching of Se can be reduced by improved plant Se uptake and recirculation. Catch crops are widely used to improve nitrogen (N) management and they have also been successfully used to reduce S leaching (Thorup-Kristensen et al 2003). Furthermore after being incorporated into the soil, decomposition of the catch crop plant material leads to mineralisation of its S, which is then utilised by the succeeding crops (Eriksen et al 2004;Eriksen and Thorup-Kristensen 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of catch crop species on selenium availability for succeeding crops

2011

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Background and Aims Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. In order to ensure an optimal concentration of Se in crops, Se fertilisers are applied. Catch crops may be an alternative way to increase Se concentrations in vegetables.Methods Three experiments in Denmark between 2007-10 investigated the ability of catch crops (Italian ryegrass, fodder radish and hairy vetch) under different fertiliser regimes to reduce soil Se content in the autumn and to increase its availability in spring to the succeeding crop. Results and Conclusions The catch crops (Italian ryegrass and fodder radish) increased water-extractable Se content in the 0.25-0.75 m soil layer in only one of the experiments. Selenium uptake by the catch crops varied between 65 and 3263 mg ha −1 , depending on species, year and fertilisation treatment; this corresponded to 0.1-3.0% of the water-extractable soil Se content. The influence of catch crops on Se concentrations and uptake in onions and cabbage was low. There was a decrease in Se uptake and recovery of applied Se by onions following catch crops, which might indicate Se immobilisation during catch crop decomposition.

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Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitrogen management in temperate zones

Cited by 534 publications

References 168 publications

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

Management of service crops for the provision of ecosystem services in vineyards: A review

The effect of catch crop species on selenium availability for succeeding crops

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