Catch crops and feeding strategy can reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching in late lactation fodder beet systems

Malcolm, B; Ruiter, J. M. de; Dalley, D. E.; Carrick, Sam; Waugh, Deanne; Arnold, Nathan; Dellow, Steven J.; Beare, Michael H.; Johnstone, Paul; Wohlers, Mark; Brown, Hamish E.; Welten, B.G.; Horrocks, A.

doi:10.1080/00288233.2019.1704422

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Given N leaching is driven largely by drainage volume, and in the current study this was not directly measured, Python was used as a modeling platform to calculate a theoretical water balance to indicate how much drainage was likely to have occurred during the catch crop phase [ 11 ]. Daily soil water content (SWC d ) was calculated as SWC d = SWC d −1 + R − T − E − D , where R is rainfall, T is transpiration, E is evaporation and D is drainage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catch crops (short-term crops established between two main crops) have recently been investigated in NZ for their potential to “mop up” residual soil mineral N (SMN) and reduce the risk of N leaching losses from these grazing systems [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Carey et al [ 10 ] used monolith lysimeters to study effects of winter grazing dates and catch crop sowing timings and reported reductions in NO 3 − -N leaching losses averaging 34% under oat ( Avena sativa L.) catch crops compared with fallow conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Winter-Sown Cereal Catch Crops after Simulated Forage Crop Grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Malcolm

Maley

Teixeira

et al. 2021

Plants

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(1) Background: Winter grazing of livestock poses significant environmental risks of nitrogen (N) leaching and sediment runoff. (2) Methods: A field study tested the effects of sowing catch crops of oats (Avena sativa L.), ryecorn (Secale cereale L.) or triticale (Triticosecale) in June and August (winter) in Southland, New Zealand (NZ), on the risk of N leaching losses from simulated N loads left after winter forage grazing. (3) Results: Catch crops took up 141–191 kg N ha−1 by green-chop silage maturity (approximately Zadoks growth stage 52; November/December). Importantly, early-sown catch crops were able to capture more N during the key leaching period from winter to mid-spring (77–106 kg N ha−1 cf. 27–31 kg N ha−1 for June and August treatments, respectively). At this time, ryecorn and triticale crops sown in June captured 20–29 kg ha−1 more N than June-sown oats (77 kg N ha−1). In October, early-sown catch crops reduced mineral N in the soil profile (0–45 cm depth) by 69–141 kg N ha−1 through the process of plant uptake. At green-chop silage maturity, catch crop yields ranged from 6.6 to 14.6 t DM ha−1. Highest yields and crop quality profiles (e.g., metabolizable energy, crude protein, soluble sugars and starch) were achieved by the oats, irrespective of the sowing date, indicating that trade-offs likely exist between environmental and productive performances of the catch crop species tested. (4) Conclusion: The catch crop of choice by farmers will depend on the desired end use for the crop, its place in the crop rotation and its potential for an environmental benefit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Winter-Sown Cereal Catch Crops after Simulated Forage Crop Grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Malcolm

Maley

Teixeira

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Emerging questions from both reviews identify the need for further laboratory, field, and modelling research, in order to better understand the mechanisms of specific plants that show potential to reduce N losses to the wider environment. Consequently, we include research papers by Malcolm et al (2019), Gardiner et al (2019aGardiner et al ( , 2019b, Rayner et al (2019) and Pijlmana et al (2019) who used a range of approaches, in both field and laboratory studies, to describe use of catch crops, novel methodologies and plant compounds to examine relationships between plants, animals and soil N processes.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of plants in reducing nitrogen losses

Bryant

Clough

2020

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…ryegrass and clover) may play a role in offsetting the overall gas emissions (NZAGRC & PGgRc 2018). In addition, new mitigation practices such as use of subsequent catch-crops for nutrient uptake (Carey et al 2016;Carey et al 2017;Malcolm et al 2020), and strategic grazing (Monaghan et al 2017) have been developed. Industry best-practice guidelines for farmers have been developed (DairyNZ 2014; Beef + Lamb New Zealand 2017, 2019) from these and other studies.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-forage crop grazing in the Gore-Mataura area of Southland: using time-series mapping to estimate location and frequency of cropping

Drewry

North

Belliss

et al. 2020

Journal of NZ Grasslands

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Winter grazing of forage crops is a key land-use in southern New Zealand, providing important feed for livestock but has been identified as risky if not managed well, potentially resulting in soil degradation and nutrient losses. We hypothesised that analysing an existing time series of winter-forage maps, derived from satellite imagery could be used to identify how often paddocks are re-used for winter forage. A pilot study was undertaken to explore the practicality and utility of this new method by examining maps derived from satellite images of the Gore-Mataura area, Southland taken in 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018. Within the study site (67,618 ha), 8925 ha was classed as winter forage in one or more of the source maps. Eighty-five percent of this area was used in only one of the four years, and just 1% in three or four years. High-certainty class pairs for 2013/14 and 2017/18 show two consecutive years of winter forage in the same paddock, 31% or 21% of the time, respectively. These winter-forage crops were generally grown on Brown soils (63%), followed by Pallic and Gley soils. Although, this study was limited by differences in the mapping methodologies of the source maps, it nonetheless demonstrated that potentially valuable data can be derived. It showed a low level of repeat use of paddocks for winter forage grazing over all the years studied, and that Brown soils are more commonly used for winter forage than previous studies suggested.

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Catch crops and feeding strategy can reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching in late lactation fodder beet systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Performance of Winter-Sown Cereal Catch Crops after Simulated Forage Crop Grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Performance of Winter-Sown Cereal Catch Crops after Simulated Forage Crop Grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Role of plants in reducing nitrogen losses

Winter-forage crop grazing in the Gore-Mataura area of Southland: using time-series mapping to estimate location and frequency of cropping

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