Catastrophic Plant Diseases

Klinkowski, M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.08.090170.000345

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…White pine blister rust ranks as one of the catastrophic disease epidemics in history (7). Sugar pine, largest member of the genus and one of the most valuable, is highly susceptible, and the impact of the disease on it has been severe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine.

Devey

Delfino-Mix

Kinloch

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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GeneticsRandom amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine ( ABSTRACTWe have genetically mapped a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisch.) in sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) by using an approach which relies on three factors: (i) the ability to assay for genetic markers in the haploid stage of the host's life cycle, using megagametophyte seed tissue; (ii) a simple and clearly defined pathosystem; and (iii) the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that can be quickly and efficiently evaluated. Resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine is known to be controlled by a single dominant gene (R). Maternal segregation ofR and dominant RAPD markers were scored simultaneously following collection of megagametophytes for DNA assays and seedling inoculation with C. ribicola. Bulked samples of haploid megagametophyte DNA from resistant and susceptible offspring of segregating full-sib and half-sib families were used to evaluate 800 random decanucleotide primers. Ten loci linked with the gene for resistance to white pine blister rust were identified and segregation data were obtained from five families. Six of the linked markers were within 5 centimorgans of the gene, and one marker was 0.9 centimorgan from R. These and other markers derived by this approach may provide starting points for map-based cloning of this important gene.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine.

Devey

Delfino-Mix

Kinloch

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Several crop pathogens have remained important to human society through history (Klinkowski, 1970). Some of the more well-known disease epidemics of crop plants which have been associated with immense human disasters include the Irish famine of potato late blight by Oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Haverkort et al, 2008) and the great Bengal famine in 1943 of brown spot in rice by fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus (formerly known as helminthosporium disease by Helminthosporium oryzae) (Padmanabhan, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and virulence phenotyping of the historic ‘Stubbs collection’ of the yellow rust fungusPuccinia striiformisfrom wheat

et al. 2015

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A unique collection of spore samples of Puccinia striiformis, often referred to as the 'Stubbs collection', has been stored in liquid nitrogen from 18 to 45 years. A subset of samples representing 35 countries and 28 years was investigated to assess recovery rate, race identity and previously undetected virulence. A new method for recovery using an airbrush sprayer and Novec™ 7100 for inoculating the host plants was highly successful. Ninety-six percent of 231 isolates were recovered. Virulence phenotyping was done using differential sets of wheat genotypes representing specific-resistance genes. A total of 181 samples represented single genotypes (isolates), whereas 40 samples consisted of at least two genotypes. Race identity was confirmed for 102 of 181 single-genotype isolates. The virulence phenotype was updated for additional 44 isolates based on improved resolution of results because of updated and more informative wheat-differential sets. The remaining 35 isolates showed discrepancies for one or more virulences when compared with past results. Additional virulences corresponding to Yr17, Yr25 and Yr27, respectively, which were not assayed originally, were discovered. The value of biological collections for research and plant breeding is discussed along with the challenges of maintaining collections of biotrophic microorganisms.

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“…The disease caused significant yield losses, which were particularly catastrophic in Ireland owing to the wetness of the climate and the almost total dependence of a large proportion of the population on potato (Large 1940). Out of a population of 8 million approximately one million died of starvation and 1.5 million emigrated, of which about a quarter died in transit (Klinkovski 1970). Thus, the first massive migration of modern history was caused by a plant disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging infectious diseases of crop plants in developing countries: impact on agriculture and socio-economic consequences

2010

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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) caused by plant pathogens can develop into unexpected and very serious epidemics, owing to the influence of various characteristics of the pathogen, host and environment. Devastating epidemics, having social implications by increasing the rate of urbanization, occurred in the past in Europe, and many other EIDs still occur with high frequency in developing countries. Although the ability to diagnose diseases and the technologies available for their control are far greater than in the past, EIDs are still able to cause tremendous crop losses, the economic and social impact of which, in developing countries, is often underestimated. In the present article, four of the most important EIDs in developing countries are considered from the standpoint of their origin, characteristics, symptoms, mode of spread, possible control strategies, economic impact and the socio-economic consequences of their dissemination. They are Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease,capable of reducing yields by 80–90% and causing the suspension of cassava cultivation in many areas of East Africa; Striga hermonthica, a parasitic weed affecting cereals in an area of at least 5 million hectares in Sub- Saharan Africa; Xanthomonas Wilt of Banana, a bacterial disease that caused around 50% yield losses at the beginning of 21st century in Uganda and is threatening the food security of about 70 million people owing to its impact on an important staple crop; and race Ug99 of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, which is having a tremendous impact on wheat in Uganda, and is also threatening most of the wheat-growing countries of the world

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Catastrophic Plant Diseases

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine.

Recovery and virulence phenotyping of the historic ‘Stubbs collection’ of the yellow rust fungusPuccinia striiformisfrom wheat

Emerging infectious diseases of crop plants in developing countries: impact on agriculture and socio-economic consequences

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