Catalyzing Carbonization of Polypropylene Itself by Supported Nickel Catalyst during Combustion of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite for Improving Fire Retardancy

Improved fire retardancy of thermoset composites modified with carbon nanofibers

“…Obviously, the addition of carbon nanofibers greatly shortens time to ignition of GR-CNF, which agrees well with reported data [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Among different explanations, Kashiwagi et al believed that carbon nanotubes and polymer resin have different absorption characteristics of the external emission [1].…”

“…These nanoparticles are environmentally friendly and will not produce toxic gases. Layered silicates are widely used for an improvement in flame retardancy, but carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proved more efficient [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It has been found [1][2][3][4] that their flame retarding performance can be achieved through the formation of a relatively uniform network of carbon nanotubes, covering the entire sample surface without any cracks or gaps.…”

Enhancement of char formation of polymer nanocomposites using a catalyst

“…Significant reduction in heat release rate of SAN based clay nanocomposites was also reported in previous studies [22][23][24]. Plausibility of such an approach was demonstrated by producing char including carbon nanotubes from polypropylene clay nanocomposites using a nickel catalyst [25] and also with clay ABS nanocomposites using ferric chloride [26]. In this study, SAN was selected as a resin for claybased nanocomposites with zinc chloride as a transition metal and we explore whether the proposed synergistic effects of the catalyst q This was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the US Government which, by statute, is not subject to copyright in US.…”

Enhanced mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties by combining graphene nanosheets and metal hydroxide nanorods for Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene copolymer composite

“…Very recently, the combination of transition metals Lewis acids and 2-D clay provided a promising method, which involved catalytically enhanced char formation and the formation of a surface-protective layer having a network structure [19,20]. Systematic work done by Tang's group has demonstrated that dramatically improved fire retardancy of polyolefin was realized through promoting carbonization by the combination of 2-D clay with Ni2O3 [21,22].…”