Catalytic Synthesis of Fused 1,4-Dihydropyridines and 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Using Preyssler Heteropolyacids Catalyst

Abstract

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTAbstract An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines from b-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate and the synthesis of fused 1,4-dihydropyridines from dimedone in the presence of Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst are reported under reflux conditions with good to excellent yields. Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst is easily prepared, stable (up to 300 C), reusable, efficient, green and inexpensive.

One‐pot synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives using the Fe2ZnAl2O7 catalyzed Hantzsch three‐component reaction

“…Different catalysts have been proposed for the synthesis of DHP derivatives such as Preyssler heteropolyacids, [15] zinc oxide, [18] NiO/ZrO 2 , [19] Fe-TUD-1, [20] glycine-HCl, [21] iron(III) phosphate, [22] V 2 O 5 /SiO 2 , [23] MgCl 2 , [24] and Fe[(L) proline] 2. [25] Nano catalysts present higher catalytic activities than their counterparts with greater sizes.…”

“…[14] Some of these derivatives are efficient in the preparation of the reduced forms of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide, which is a key compound for living organisms. [15] Hantzsch discovered the structure of DHP in 1882. [16] Since these compounds play important biological roles, several methods have been developed to improve the synthesis of DHP.…”

“…Some of these derivatives are efficient in the preparation of the reduced forms of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide, which is a key compound for living organisms. [ 15 ]…”

Green synthesis of Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrite nanoparticles using tragacanth gum and their use as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives

“…Recently, several modified methods have been developed for the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines such as organ catalysis, microwave assisted, heteropolyacids, nanoparticles solar thermal energy, ultrasound irradiation, visible light, and various catalytic activity, such as L‐proline, HOAc, HClO 4 –SiO 2 , HY‐Zeolite, and so on. Although the use of long reaction times, high temperatures, expensive reagents, highly acidic reaction conditions, toxic catalyst, low‐product yields limiting these methods.…”

Heteropoly acids-catalyzed organic reactions in water: doubly green reactions

“…The yields of the reaction in the presence of water were greater, and the reaction times were generally shorter than the conventional methods. The HPAs of the series H 3 + n PMo 12 n V n O 40 (n = 1-4) showed good to excellent catalytic behaviors (32).…”