One‐pot synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives using the Fe₂ZnAl₂O₇ catalyzed Hantzsch three‐component reaction

Abstract

A facile, low-cost, and effective one-pot method was developed for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with high yields through the three-component reaction of ammonium acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and aromatic aldehydes using Fe 2 ZnAl 2 O 7 as catalyst. The reaction was conducted at 70-80 C temperature under solvent free conditions. The developed method had some great advantages, including safe and clean reaction conditions, high to excellent product yields, short reaction time, and a novel and powerful heterogeneous catalyst. The developed heterogeneous solid catalyst had high efficiency and reusability in one-pot multi-component syntheses such that it was easily reused four to five times without significant loss in efficiency and product yield. The catalyst was characterized by scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction techniques. N2 sorption isotherms of the prepared nanocomposite exhibited surface area 2.1313E+01 m 2 /g and total pore volume of 3.0957E-02 cm 3 /g. Substituted dihydropyridine derivatives were characterized and confirmed using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR, and elemental spectral data.