Catalytic reduction of CO₂ by H₂ for synthesis of CO, methanol and hydrocarbons: challenges and opportunities

Abstract

Controlling the catalytic reduction of CO2 by H2 to produce CO, methanol or hydrocarbons requires stabilization of key reaction intermediates.

Methanation of Carbon Dioxide over Ni–Ce–Zr Oxides Prepared by One-Pot Hydrolysis of Metal Nitrates with Ammonium Carbonate

“…On the basis of the carbon balance in the effluent gas under assumption of no carbon deposition, the conversion of CO 2 was defined as the percentage of the total molar flow rate of CH 4 and CO in the exit gas to the molar flow rate of CO 2 in the feed gas. The selectivity of the CH 4 (or CO) was designated as the percentage of the molar of CH 4 (or CO) in the total molar of the CH 4 and CO.…”

“…The selectivity of the CH 4 (or CO) was designated as the percentage of the molar of CH 4 (or CO) in the total molar of the CH 4 and CO.…”

“…With regards to upcoming energy challenges, CO 2 conversion seems to be a more attractive and promising approach [2,3]. Considering that the consumption of fuels is two orders of magnitude higher than that of chemicals, CO 2 has to be mainly converted into energy carriers such as methane, methanol, and so on [4][5][6][7][8][9]. CO 2 methanation, also called the Sabatier reaction (CO 2 + 4H 2 ↔ CH 4 + 2H 2 O, ∆H 298K = −164.7 kJ/mol) [6], presents substantial advantages over CO 2 conversion to other fuels because methane can be injected directly into existing natural gas pipelines, or be used as a raw material for production of chemicals.…”

CO 2 utilization with a novel dual function material (DFM) for capture and catalytic conversion to synthetic natural gas: An update

“…CO 2 can be captured from the exhaust gases of most existing industrial processes and in the presence of a suitable catalyst can be converted to useful products [1][2][3][4]. However, energy intensive nature of state of the art post-combustion CO 2 capture technology presents a large cost and is a major challenge that stands in the way of CO 2 utilization on a commercial scale.…”

The Effect of Copper Addition on the Activity and Stability of Iron-Based CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts

“…However, thermochemical methods for synthesizing fuel from CO 2 require overcoming a large energy barrier and the energetically costly electrolysis process used to produce H 2 [6]. A review by Porosoff et al [8] addresses the need to develop catalysts that increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon production as well as decrease undesirable side products, such as methane and carbon monoxide, from the product stream.…”