Catalytic pyrolysis of flame retarded high impact polystyrene over various solid acid catalysts

Ma, Chuan; Yu, Jie; Wang, Ben; Song, Zijian; Xiang, Jun; Hu, Song; Sun, Lushi

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.01.018

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the other hand, the catalytic pyrolysis of PS produced a higher amount of char (24.6%) with AA-NZ catalyst than with TA-NZ (15.8%) catalyst. Ma et al (2017) also reported the high production of char from the catalytic pyrolysis of PS with an acidic zeolite (Hβ) catalyst. The high char production numbers were due to the high acidity of the catalyst, which favors char production via intense secondary cross-linking reactions (Serrano et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effect Of Feedstock and Catalysts On Pyrolysis Products Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global plastic production was estimated at around 300 million tons per year and is continuously increasing every year (Miandad et al, 2016a;Ratnasari et al, 2017). Plastics are made of petrochemical hydrocarbons with additives such as flame-retardants, stabilizer, and oxidants that make it difficult to bio-degrade (Ma et al, 2017). Plastic waste recycling is carried out in different ways, but in most developing countries, open or landfill disposal is a common practice for plastic waste management (Gandidi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving Toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries

et al. 2019

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Pyrolysis based biorefineries have great potential to convert waste such as plastic and biomass waste into energy and other valuable products, to achieve maximum economic and environmental benefits. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of different types of plastics wastes (PS, PE, PP, and PET) as single or mixed in different ratios, in the presence of modified natural zeolite (NZ) catalysts, in a small pilot scale pyrolysis reactor was carried out. The NZ was modified by thermal activation (TA-NZ) at 550 • C and acid activation (AA-NZ) with HNO 3 , to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic pyrolysis of PS produced a higher liquid oil (70 and 60%) than PP (40 and 54%) and PE (40 and 42%), using TA-NZ and AA-NZ catalysts, respectively. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil showed a mixture of aromatics, aliphatic and other hydrocarbon compounds. The TA-NZ and AA-NZ catalysts showed a different effect on the wt% of catalytic pyrolysis products and liquid oil chemical compositions, with AA-NZ showing higher catalytic activity than TA-NZ. FT-IR results showed clear peaks of aromatic compounds in all liquid oil samples with some peaks of alkanes that further confirmed the GC-MS results. The liquid oil has a high heating value (HHV) range of 41.7-44.2 MJ/kg, close to conventional diesel. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an alternative source of energy and as transportation fuel after refining/blending with conventional fuels.

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Section: Effect Of Feedstock and Catalysts On Pyrolysis Products Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving Toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries

et al. 2019

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“…While pyrolysis of waste plastics is produced broad range of hydrocarbons from range of C5 to C28 [19], but in the presents of catalyst are produced higher selectivity of products in the range gasoline fraction (C5-C12) [46]. In that brief study the catalyst cracking of plastic oil has contain less olefins, more branched hydrocarbon and aromatic content [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In additionally the presents of catalyst with polyethylene during catalyst cracking under the similar temperature and degradation time, as results observed that increased the gases product yields [20][21].…”

Section: Revised Manuscript Received On December 5 2019mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The degradation of pyrolysis process at lower temperature and long duration supports the chain and random reaction which is leads to the produced lighter hydrocarbons. William et al [38] has pyrolysis of waste electrical and electronic equipment in fluid bed rector at the temperature of 600 o C with heat rate of 10 o C/minute. The higher temperature and long degradation time is useful for produced high amount liquid oil and minimize the halogen components present in liquid oil.…”

Section: Scott Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic fuel Extraction from Various Waste Plastics

Pradeep¹,

Gowthaman²

2019

IJEAT

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The rapid growth of the world population which leads to increase demand of plastic in many sectors such as construction, medical, engineering applications, automotive, aerospace and many food industries for packing purpose. These rapid populations of plastic create some serious issues to the environment and living beings. The plastics are non- degradable and emit poisonous gases during burning. In recent years, many researches being conducted to resolve the disposal issues of waste plastics and trying to convert it into useful products. The plastic is a material consists of any wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds, which are long molecules built around chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The conversion of waste plastics to hydrocarbon (HC) fuel is an effective idea for disposing of waste plastics. It will be controlled plastic population and fulfill the needs of petroleum fuel in the future. As per the survey, the fossil fuels run out earlier in 2088 due to drastic growth of automobiles and high production cost. The waste plastic contains hydrocarbon with calorific value of 41- 47MJ and it is almost equal to the calorific value of fossil fuels. There are many methods being used to extract liquid HC fuel from waste plastics and it has been reviewed elaborately in this paper. It also reviews composition of various plastics like polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene polystyrene and analyse their properties. In addition, it includes the selection of plastic and catalyst for extraction process, research gap in the existing extraction methods and the effect temperature and process timing on oil yield.

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“…The resulting liquid product is a complex mixture of organic compounds such as styrene, ethyl-benzene, toluene, and others whereas the solid product is in the form of char/residue and inorganic material, and the gas products produced are in the form of hydrocarbon, CO and CO2 [5]. The amount and quality of pyrolysis products is influenced by several parameters including the type of reactor, temperature, and the time spent in the reactor [6]. There are several types of pyrolysis reactors in general, such as batch/semi-batch types, fixed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, spouted beds and screw kilns [5].…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Ethylene Vynyl Acetate Polymer by Natural Zeolite Catalyst as an Alternative Fuel

Salamah¹,

Azhari²,

Mitanto³

2019

Proceedings of the 2019 Ahmad Dahlan International Conference Series on Engineering and Science (ADICS-ES 2019)

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In Indonesia, ethylene vinyl acetate polymer type of sponge waste increases in number. The increase was due to the increase of the shoe factory which was the main consumer of this type of sponge. Conversion of this type of waste is done as an alternative fuel oil through pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study is to convert the sponge waste through pyrolysis process using a batch type reactor with the aid of a natural zeolite catalyst. The research used variation of the catalyst weight from 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% out of 200 grams of the weight of the feed with variations in reaction time ranging from 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained was 51.22% using 4 gram weight of catalyst with 180 minutes processing time. The GC-MS analysis showed that the largest functional group of pyrolysis products for the fraction above distillation, the fraction before distillation, and the fraction under distillation, respectively, are 3-Nitro-1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (88.11%), Cyclopentane, 1,1'-[3-(2-Cyclopentylethyl)-1,5-Pentanediyl] Bis-(CAS)1,5-DicyclopentyL-3-(2-Cyclopentylethyl)-Pentane(19.77%), and 1,13-Tetradecadiene (10.07%). The calorific value of the pyrolysis oil produced was 10992.6 calories/gram. This result was similar to the calorific value of gasoline fuel (10509 calories/gram). In addition, the analysis of the physical characteristics of the pyrolysis oil fraction on distillation was the same as the standard specifications for petrol and diesel fuel oils.

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Catalytic pyrolysis of flame retarded high impact polystyrene over various solid acid catalysts

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving Toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving Toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries

Plastic fuel Extraction from Various Waste Plastics

Pyrolysis of Ethylene Vynyl Acetate Polymer by Natural Zeolite Catalyst as an Alternative Fuel

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