Catalytic neutralization of acidic crude oil utilizing ammonia in ethylene glycol basic solution

Shohaimi, Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd; Bakar, Wan Azelee Wan Abu; Jaafar, Juhana

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.037

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The effect of the calcination temperature on the crystallinity is depicted in Figure 1b. It was observed that 400 °C was the best calcination temperature for the crystal of the ZnO, and the diffraction peaks of ZnO was most clear at 2θ = 31.9°, 34.7°, 36.4°, 47.7°, 56.8°, and 63.10°, which corresponded to the lattice planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), and (103), respectively [4]. The decomposition temperature of the Zn(NO3)2 was around 350 °C , and an appropriately higher temperature was a benefit for the complete decomposition of Zn(NO3)2.…”

Section: Characterization Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neutralization or caustic washing might cause emulsion problems and product loss. Solvent extraction requires a large amount of solvent, which is complex and needs lots of energy for solvent recovery [3][4][5][6]. So, it is important to adopt a simple, high efficiency, environmentally-friendly, and economical deacidification technology to remove NAs from the crude oil and fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

Bai

Lian

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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High acidic vacuum gas oil (VGO) decreases product quality and causes corrosions. To overcome these problems, catalytic esterification was utilized for the deacidification of VGO. A series of Al2O3-supported ZnO catalysts, undoped and doped with Fe2O3, were prepared and characterized. The results showed that both the ZnO/Al2O3 and the ZnO/Al2O3 doped with Fe2O3 had good deacidification effects with glycol for the 4th VGO. The deacidification rate reached 95.1% and 97.6%, respectively, under mild conditions (catalysts 2.5 wt%, glycol dosage 4.0 wt%, 250 °C and 1 h). The naphthenic acids were transferred into ester, which was proved by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).Reusability of the catalyst for the esterification reaction was also studied. It was found that the deacidification rate was still over 90% after six reruns.

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Section: Characterization Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

Bai

Lian

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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“…Next, the alumina support was submerged in the catalyst solution for 20 to 30 minutes to ensure it is fully coated by the catalyst. The fully coated alumina support was then transferred onto a glass wool on an evaporating dish to ensure homogeneity and was ripened in an oven at 80 to 90 for 24 hours to remove excess water and to guarantee for a good coating metal onto the surface of the alumina support [7]. This alumina supported catalyst was then calcined at temperature of 1000 for 5 hours using carbolite chamber furnace to produce a metal oxide and remove any impurities left.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION UTILIZING CaO/Al2O3 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

2018

MJAS

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The increasing demand for fossil fuel brings a great concern as it is natural and non-renewable sources. There are several studies on biodiesel using renewable sources such as waste cooking oil. The process of transforming waste cooking oil into biodiesel is called transesterification reaction which involved one step (esterification) and two step (esterification-transesterification) reaction. The performance of the CaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was investigated. The parameters studied were reaction time and catalyst loading. In this study, it was found that the highest yield was obtained from the two step transesterification reaction, 30.91% with optimum condition of 3 wt.% of Ca/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, 12:1 methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature of 65 ºC for 3 hours. Esterification reaction reduce the FFA content in the feedstock, because, in order to achieve high biodiesel yield, the acid value of feed stock should below than 1 mg KOH/g oil. GC-MS results showed that six methyl ester species was found in the product and this finding reveals that the free fatty acid had successfully converted to methyl ester by using two step esterificationtranesterification reaction.

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“…The general chemical formula for NAs is R(CH2)nCOOH [4] where R is one or more cyclopentane rings and n is typically greater than 12. The corrosive properties of these compounds can also reduce the quality and price of the petroleum crude oil [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, there are numerous methods used to remove and reduce the NAs from acidic crude oil, such as caustic washing, dilution [9], catalytic decarboxylation [10], solvent extraction or catalytic esterification [10]. However, most of these methods have their own disadvantages and lead to high maintenance costs [5]. Dilution is a method where high TAN crude oil is blended with low TAN crude oil, which may reduce the content of NAs to an acceptable value, but the acidic compounds remain and the commercial value of low TAN is reduced [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of K/Al2O3 with Ethanolic 2-Metylimidazole for the Extraction of Naphthenic Acid from Crude Oil

2021

MJCHEM

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The world's economy is largely dependent on fossil fuels such as petroleum crude oil. Crude oil processing in the oil refinery can cause serious corrosion problems associated with the presence of naphthenic acids (NAs) which reduce the quality of the oil. The presence of these acidic compounds leads to an increase in the Total Acid Number (TAN) value and a decrease in the oil price which can affect the oil industry. The aim of this study was to overcome corrosion problems by reducing the TAN to less than 1.0 mg KOH/g using ethanolic 2-methylimidazole with the aid of a K/Al2O3 catalyst. Petronas Penapisan Melaka crude oil with an original TAN value of 4.38 mg KOH/g was used as feedstock in this study. The parameters investigated were reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst loading and catalyst calcination temperature. The alumina supported catalyst was synthesized through Incipient Wetness Impregnation (IWI) methods and characterized using X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The TAN of crude oil was successfully lowered to 0.74 mg KOH/g using a K/Al2O3 catalyst at a calcination temperature of 1000 o C. Increasing the calcination temperature from 700 to 1000 o C further reduced the TAN value of crude oil.

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Catalytic neutralization of acidic crude oil utilizing ammonia in ethylene glycol basic solution

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION UTILIZING CaO/Al2O3 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

The Application of K/Al2O3 with Ethanolic 2-Metylimidazole for the Extraction of Naphthenic Acid from Crude Oil

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