Catalytic methane pyrolysis in molten MnCl2-KCl

Kang, Dong‐oh; Rahimi, Nazanin; Gordon, Michael J.; Metiu, Horia; McFarland, Eric W.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.026

Cited by 120 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Based on the raw material, methods to produce hydrogen can be categorized as conventional (fossil fuel) or renewable. Some examples of conventional hydrogen production methods include steam methane reforming, 2‐15 partial oxidation reforming, 16‐18 and methane pyrolysis, including nonoxidative catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) 19‐23 . Examples of renewable hydrogen production methods include electrolysis 24‐27 and photocatalysis 28‐30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Dipu

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen is a clean energy medium that can potentially replace fossil fuels in home, industrial, and transportation environments. Nonoxidative catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) is an environmentally friendly process that produces hydrogen and solid carbon as products. Among transition metal catalysts, Ni possesses a high degree of activity for methane decomposition. This article reviews the recent advancement (ie, 2015‐2020) of a Ni‐based catalyst for CMD and summarizes its performance. It addresses the effect of promoter, metal composition, support materials selection, catalyst synthesis, operating parameters, and reaction mechanism. Besides, other critical aspects for industrial application of CMD such as reactor design and catalyst regeneration are highlighted. Novelty Statement Catalytic methane decomposition is a promising technology for the co‐production of COx‐free hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials. The Ni‐based catalyst possesses a high degree of activity for catalytic methane decomposition. Regeneration by gasification should be considered to extend the operational life of the Ni‐based catalyst. A fluidized bed reactor is a suitable reactor type for the practical application of catalytic methane decomposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Dipu

2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…The use of molten metals (Ti, Pb, Sn), molten metal alloys (Ni-Bi, Cu-Bi), and molten salts (KBr, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, MnCl 2 , KCl) in liquid bubble column reactors has been investigated for methane pyrolysis during the last years [26,[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138]. In a liquid bubble column reactor, the decomposition of methane takes place inside the bubbles, so that they can be considered as individual microreactors.…”

Section: Molten Metals and Molten Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, for the successful industrial implementation of methane pyrolysis, these issues must be fully understood, and thus, further investigations have to be conducted. considered for the catalytic decomposition of methane [78,[131][132][133][134][135][136][159][160][161]. Among them, fluidized-bed reactors and packed-bed reactors are the most commonly used.…”

Section: Natural Gas As Feed Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This prevents blockage of the reactor as a result of carbon accumulation , , . Moreover, the contamination of the molten metal or molten salt by the carbon product is prevented , . Nevertheless, the applicability of this technology on an industrial scale is still a challenge today.…”

Section: Catalytic Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of reactors (packed‐bed reactors, fluidized‐bed reactors, fluid wall reactors, spouted‐bed reactors, honeycomb monoliths, molten salt reactors) have been considered for the catalytic decomposition of methane , , . Among them, fluidized‐bed reactors and packed‐bed reactors are the most commonly used.…”

Section: Implementation Of Methane Pyrolysis On An Industrial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2020

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133

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The Carbon2Chem® project aims to convert exhaust gases from the steel industry into chemicals such as methanol to reduce CO2 emissions. Here, H2 is required for the conversion of CO2 into methanol. Although much effort is put to produce H2 from renewables, the use of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, seems to be fundamental in the short term. For this reason, the development of clean technologies for the processing of natural gas with a low environmental impact has become a topic of utmost importance. In this context, methane pyrolysis has received special attention to produce CO2‐free H2.

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Mechanism for One‐Pot Synthesis of 0D‐2D Carbon Materials in the Bubbles Inside Molten Salts

Zhao

Shi

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et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The molten salts can be used as media for hydrocarbon pyrolysis owing to their excellent thermal properties, fluidity, and ease of products separation. The bubbling of hydrocarbon gases through the molten salts is an effective approach for exploiting the comprehensive advantages of the molten salts. However, the catalytic capability of the molten salts to crack CH bonds is lower than that of molten metals/alloys. Although the addition of transition metal salts into molten salts improves the catalytic performance, the catalytic mechanism is far from well understood. Herein, bubbling chemical vapor deposition (B‐CVD) for one‐pot synthesis of 0D (carbon black, CB)/2D (graphene, Gr) carbon materials in molten salt at 850 °C is developed. Spectroscopic results suggest that the ionic complexes of the transition metal (Cr, Fe, Ru, Ni, Pd, Cu) chloride are the active species to realize the efficient pyrolysis of methane (CH4). The confined space introduced by the bubble acts as a mini‐reactor to define the product morphology and accelerate the growth. Beneficial to the synergistic effect between ionic complex promotion and bubble confined space, the mass production of CB/Gr simultaneously with high efficiency and low cost at relatively low temperature is achieved.

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Catalytic methane pyrolysis in molten MnCl2-KCl

Cited by 120 publications

References 42 publications

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Mechanism for One‐Pot Synthesis of 0D‐2D Carbon Materials in the Bubbles Inside Molten Salts

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Catalytic methane pyrolysis in molten MnCl2-KCl

Cited by 120 publications

References 42 publications

Methane decomposition into CO x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane decomposition into CO x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Mechanism for One‐Pot Synthesis of 0D‐2D Carbon Materials in the Bubbles Inside Molten Salts

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Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness